First Intifada

First Intifada
Part of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
IDF roadblock outside Jabalya during the First Intifada, 1988
Date 8 December 1987 – 13 September 1993 (5 years, 9 months and 5 days) Location West Bank Gaza Strip Israel Result Madrid Conference of 1991 and eventually Oslo I Accord: Establishment of the Palestinian Authority The PLO recognizes Israel
Belligerents
Israel Israel Defense Forces Shin Bet Israel Police Civil Guard Mishmeret Yesha	PUNLU Fatah DFLP PFLP PPP Supported by: Iraq(during Gulf War) Hamas Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades (from mid 1991)
Commanders and leaders
Yitzhak Shamir	Abu Jihad  † Marwan Barghouti
Casualties and losses
160 Israelis killed 100 civilians,  including 47 settlers 60 security-force members	2,044 Palestinians killed 1,087 by Israeli security forces 75 by Israeli civilians 882 alleged collaborators were killed by other Palestinians

Madrid Conference of 1991 and eventually Oslo I Accord:

Israel

PUNLU

Supported by:

Hamas

Abu Jihad  †

160 Israelis killed

2,044 Palestinians killed

The First Intifada or First Palestinian Intifada (also known simply as "the intifada" or "intifadah") was a Palestinian uprising against the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, which lasted from December 1987 until the Madrid Conference in 1991, though some date its conclusion to 1993, with the signing of the Oslo Accords. The uprising began on 9 December, in the Jabalia refugee camp after an Israeli Defense Forces' (IDF) truck collided with a civilian car, killing four Palestinians. In the wake of the incident, a protest movement arose, involving a two-fold strategy of resistance and civil disobedience, consisting of general strikes, boycotts of Israeli Civil Administration institutions in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, an economic boycott consisting of refusal to work in Israeli settlements on Israeli products, refusal to pay taxes, refusal to drive Palestinian cars with Israeli licenses, graffiti, barricading, and widespread throwing of stones and Molotov cocktails at the IDF and its infrastructure within the Palestinian territories. Israel, deploying some 80,000 soldiers and initially firing live rounds, killed a large number of Palestinians. In the first 13 months, 332 Palestinians and 12 Israelis were killed. Given the high proportion of children, youths and civilians killed, it then adopted a policy of 'might, power, and beatings,' namely "breaking Palestinians' bones". The global diffusion of images of soldiers beating adolescents with clubs then led to the adoption of firing semi-lethal plastic bullets. In the intifada's first year, Israeli security forces killed 311 Palestinians, of which 53 were under the age of 17. Over the first two years, according to Save the Children, an estimated 7% of all Palestinians under 18 years of age suffered injuries from shootings, beatings, or tear gas. Over six years the IDF killed an estimated 1,162–1,204 Palestinians. Between 23,600-29,900 Palestinian children required medical treatment from IDF beatings in the first 2 years. 100 Israeli civilians and 60 IDF personnel were killed often by militants outside the control of the Intifada's UNLU, and more than 1,400 Israeli civilians and 1,700 soldiers were injured. Intra-Palestinian violence was also a prominent feature of the Intifada, with widespread executions of an estimated 822 Palestinians killed as alleged Israeli collaborators, (1988–April 1994). At the time Israel reportedly obtained information from some 18,000 Palestinians who had been compromised, although fewer than half had any proven contact with the Israeli authorities.

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