First Encirclement Campaign against Jiangxi Soviet

First Encirclement Campaign
Part of the Chinese Civil War
Location of Jiangxi
Date November 1930, January 3, 1931 Location Jiangxi Result Red Army victory
Belligerents
National Revolutionary Army	Chinese Red Army
Commanders and leaders
Chiang Kai-shek Lu Diping Zhang Huizan (POW)	Mao Zedong Zhu De
Strength
100,000	40,000
Casualties and losses
9,000 killed, 6,000 captured	?

The First Encirclement Campaign (Chinese: 第一次围剿) against Jiangxi Soviet was a series of battles launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government intended to annihilate the Chinese Red Army, and destroy the Chinese Soviet Republic. The communists later responded with the First Counter-Encirclement Campaign at Central Soviet (Chinese: 中央苏区第一次反围剿), also called by the communists as the First Counter-Encirclement Campaign at Central Revolutionary Base (Chinese: 中央革命根据地第一次反围剿), in which the Red Army successfully defended the Soviet Republic in the southern Jiangxi province against Nationalist attacks from November 1930 to January 3, 1931.

The planning of the campaign was already in process in mid August 1930, as Chiang Kai-shek had directed He Yingqing, the commander of Wuhan headquarters, to hold a conference at Hankou on how to suppress the communists in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces. A decision was made to concentrate on military rather than political strategies, and to launch multiple attacks on the main communist base in Jiangxi Soviet. The plan was temporarily interrupted by the Central Plains War, but when Chiang’s victory in this theatre was certain by October 1930, he immediately redeployed his troops in preparation for engaging the communists.

Chiang Kai-shek appointed the nationalist Jiangxi provincial governor and commander of the 9th Route Army, Lu Diping to organize the nationalist troops for redeployment. On November 2, 1930, Lu Diping mobilized the nationalist troops, totalling 7 divisions and 1 brigade into 3 columns, with reinforcements in the form of Chiang Kai-shek's troops from Hunan. The 19th Route Army departed from Wuhan by October 20, 1930. Lu Diping set a deadline of November 5, 1930, by which time the nationalist troops were to reach their designated deployment areas.

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