Filippo Turati
| Filippo Turati | |
|---|---|
Turati c. 1920
|
|
| Member of Chamber of Deputies | |
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In office 10 June 1895 – 24 March 1929 |
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| Personal details | |
| Born |
26 November 1857 Canzo, Italy |
| Died | 29 March 1932 (aged 74) Paris, France |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Political party |
Italian Labour Party (1886–1892) Italian Socialist Party (1892–1922) Unitary Socialist Party (1922–1930) |
| Domestic partner | Anna Kulischov |
| Occupation | Poet, journalist, politician |
Filippo Turati (Italian: [fiˈlippo tuˈraːti]; 26 November 1857 – 29 March 1932) was an Italian sociologist, criminologist, poet and Socialist politician.
Born in Canzo, province of Como, he graduated in law at the University of Bologna in 1877, and participated in the Scapigliatura movement with the most important artists of the period in Milan, publishing poetry. His Inno dei Lavoratori ("Workers' Hymn"), adapted to music, became the most popular song of the nascent labor movement.
Turati became interested in politics, being attracted to the democratic movement before joining the more specific Socialist groups. His most important sociological work of this period is Il Delitto e la Questione Sociale, in which he examines how social conditions affect crime. He met Anna Kulischov while working on a survey of social conditions in Naples. Kulischov was an exile from Russia who had become the companion of Andrea Costa, an Anarchist leader – when she converted to Socialism, Costa followed, sending an important letter to his anarchist comrades in which he abandoned the movement. Kulischov and Costa had split by the time she met Turati. The two immediately fell in love, and lived together until her death in 1925.
Turati and Anna Kulischov were the most instrumental intellectuals in the founding of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) in 1892 (it took that name in 1895). They were reformists, believing that Socialism would come about gradually, primarily through action in the Italian Parliament, labor organization, and education, spreading their ideas through their journal Critica Sociale – a review founded by their friend Arcangelo Ghisleri under the title Cuore e Critica. It was the most influential Marxist review in Italy before World War I. Shut down by Benito Mussolini's Fascist regime, it was reestablished after World War II, and is still in print.
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