Fairground Park

Fairground Park
Fairground Park lake bridge
Type	Urban park
Location	St. Louis, Missouri, United States
Coordinates	38°39′56″N 90°13′18″W / 38.6656°N 90.2217°W / 38.6656; -90.2217Coordinates: 38°39′56″N 90°13′18″W / 38.6656°N 90.2217°W / 38.6656; -90.2217
Area	131 acres (53 ha)
Created	1908 (as fairgrounds 1856)
Operated by	St. Louis Department of Parks, Recreation, and Forestry
Status	Open
Website	stlouis-mo.gov

Fairground Park is a municipal park in St. Louis, Missouri, that opened in 1908. It was originally a privately owned facility, first used by the St. Louis Agricultural and Mechanical Association for the St. Louis Exposition from 1856 through 1902. However, the Civil War interrupted the annual fair when the Fairgrounds were used as a Union encampment known as Benton Barracks. The annual exposition ceased in 1902 as preparations for the 1904 World's Fair began.

The Fairgrounds originated in 1856 with the St. Louis Agricultural and Mechanical Association. In the early 1880s, the association fell upon hard times and was replaced with the St. Louis Fair and Jockey Club. In 1901, Cap Tilles, Sam W. Adler, and Louis A. Cella, the principal owners of Delmar Racing Track, purchased the St. Louis Fairgrounds. Since 1892, the partnership had been purchasing race tracks across the St. Louis area, with Delmar Track becoming the main competitor to the St. Louis Fair and Jockey Club. By the turn of the century, the competition won out, with Tilles becoming President of the new association.

However, the revival of the Fairgrounds suffered another blow with the abolition of gambling on horse racing in Missouri in June 1905. Governor Joseph W. Folk was elected in 1904, running as an anti-gambling, progressive reformer. Folk signed the Anti-Breeders Act, directly leading to the permanent closure of the St. Louis Fairground Track.

In 1908, after protracted political debate, the abandoned 132-acre (0.53 km²) fairground was purchased from the association for park use by St. Louis for $700,000. The park was dedicated on October 9, 1909.

All of the former fair structures and zoo buildings were removed except the bear pits of the old zoo and the amphitheater. In 1912, the amphitheater was removed and replaced by the city's first municipal swimming pool, then said to be the world's largest. It was at this pool that The Fairground Park Riot occurred, which was a race riot that occurred in 1949 when the pool integrated African-Americans with Caucasian-Americans. The original pool was replaced by a new pool in 1958 as part of the 1955 bond issue program, which also provided lighted ball diamonds and hardsurface tennis courts.