Ethyl chloride
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| Names | |||
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IUPAC name
Chloroethane
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| Other names
Ethyl chloride, Monochloroethane, Chlorene, Muriatic ether, EtCl, UN 1037, Hydrochloric ether
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| Identifiers | |||
75-00-3 
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| 3D model (Jmol) | Interactive image | ||
| ChEBI |
CHEBI:47554
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| ChEMBL |
ChEMBL46058
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| ChemSpider |
6097
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.755 | ||
| KEGG |
D04088
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| PubChem | 6337 | ||
| RTECS number | KH7525000 | ||
| UNII |
46U771ERWK
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| Properties | |||
| C2H5Cl | |||
| Molar mass | 64.51 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colorless gas | ||
| Odor | Pungent, ethereal | ||
| Density | 0.921 g/cm3 (0-4 °C) 0.8898 g/cm3 (25 °C) |
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| Melting point | −138.7 °C (−217.7 °F; 134.5 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 12.27 °C (54.09 °F; 285.42 K) decomposes at 510 °C |
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| 0.447 g/100 mL (0 °C) 0.574 g/100 mL (20 °C) |
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| Solubility | Soluble in alcohol, ether | ||
| Solubility in ethanol | 48.3 g/100 g (21 °C) | ||
| Vapor pressure | 8.4 kPa (-40 °C) 62.3 kPa (0 °C) 134.6 kPa (20 °C) |
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Henry's law
constant (kH) |
11.1 L·atm/mol (24 °C) | ||
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Refractive index (nD)
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1.3676 (20 °C) 1.001 (25 °C) |
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| Viscosity | 0.279 cP (10 °C) | ||
| Structure | |||
| 2.06 D | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
| 104.3 J/mol·K | |||
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Std molar
entropy (S |
275.7 J/mol·K | ||
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Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
-137 kJ/mol | ||
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Gibbs free energy (ΔfG˚)
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-59.3 kJ/mol | ||
| Pharmacology | |||
| N01BX01 (WHO) | |||
| Hazards | |||
| Main hazards | Flammable | ||
| GHS pictograms |
 
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| GHS signal word | Danger | ||
| H220, H280, H351, H412 | |||
| P210, P273, P281, P410+403 | |||
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EU classification (DSD)
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 F+  Xn
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| R-phrases | R12, R40, R52/53 | ||
| S-phrases | S9, S16, S33, S36/37, S61 | ||
| NFPA 704 | |||
| Flash point | −43 °C (−45 °F; 230 K) open cup −50 °C (−58 °F; 223 K) closed cup |
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| 494 to 519 °C (921 to 966 °F; 767 to 792 K) | |||
| Explosive limits | 3.8%-15.4% | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
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LC50 (median concentration)
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59,701 ppm (rat, 2 hr) 54,478 ppm (mouse, 2 hr) |
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LCLo (lowest published)
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40,000 ppm (guinea pig, 45 min) | ||
| US health exposure limits (NIOSH): | |||
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PEL (Permissible)
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TWA 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3) | ||
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REL (Recommended)
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Handle with caution in the workplace. | ||
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IDLH (Immediate danger)
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3800 ppm | ||
| Related compounds | |||
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Related haloalkanes
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1,1-dichloroethane 1,2-dichloroethane |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is  ?) |
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| Infobox references | |||
1,2-dichloroethane
1,1,1-trichloroethane
1,1,2-trichloroethane
bromoethane
chloromethane
Chloroethane or monochloroethane, commonly known by its old name ethyl chloride, is a chemical compound with chemical formula C
2H
5Cl, once widely used in producing tetraethyllead, a gasoline additive. It is a colorless, flammable gas or refrigerated liquid with a faintly sweet odor.
Chloroethane is produced by hydrochlorination of ethene:
At various times in the past, chloroethane has also been produced from ethanol and hydrochloric acid, or from ethane and chlorine, but these routes are no longer economical. Some chloroethane is generated as a byproduct of polyvinyl chloride production. Should demand for chloroethane continue to fall to the point where making it for its own sake is not economical, this may become the leading source of the chemical.
Beginning in 1922 and continuing through most of the 20th century, the major use of chloroethane was to produce tetraethyllead (TEL), an anti-knock additive for gasoline. TEL has been or is being phased out in most of the industrialized world, and the demand for chloroethane has fallen sharply. It also reacts with aluminium metal to give ethylaluminium sesquichloride, a precursor to polymers and other useful organoaluminium compounds.
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Wikipedia