National Republican Greek League
Εθνικός Δημοκρατικός Ελληνικός Σύνδεσμος |
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Napoleon Zervas (2nd from left) with fellow EDES officers Fotios Zambaras (1st from left)
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Leader | Napoleon Zervas |
Secretary-General | Komninos Pyromaglou |
Founded | 1941 |
Dissolved | 1944 |
Paramilitary wing | National Groups of Greek Guerrillas |
Ideology |
Greek nationalism, Republicanism, Liberalism, Venizelism, Anti-communism, Anti-fascism |
National Republican Greek League Εθνικός Δημοκρατικός Ελληνικός Σύνδεσμος Ethnikos Dimokratikos Ellinikos Syndesmos |
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Participant in the Greek Resistance | |
Active | 1941–1944 |
Ideology |
Greek nationalism, Republicanism, Liberalism, Venizelism, Anti-communism, Anti-fascism |
Leaders | Napoleon Zervas, Komninos Pyromaglou |
Area of operations | Epirus, Aetolia-Acarnania |
Size | ca.12,000 (October 1944) |
Allies | EKKA, PAO, PEAN, EOK, MAVI, Bouboulina Group, Organization X, SOE, Greek government in exile |
Opponents | Royal Italian Army, German Army, Kingdom of Bulgaria, Collaborationist government, Security Battalions, Këshilla, Balli Kombëtar, EAM/ELAS |
The National Republican Greek League or EDES (Greek: Εθνικός Δημοκρατικός Ελληνικός Σύνδεσμος (ΕΔΕΣ), Ethnikos Dimokratikos Ellinikos Syndesmos) was one of the major resistance groups formed during the Axis Occupation of Greece during World War II.
The largest of the non-communist resistance groups, its military wing, the National Groups of Greek Guerrillas (Εθνικές Ομάδες Ελλήνων Ανταρτών Ethnikes Omades Ellinon Andarton, ΕΟΕΑ) concentrated its military activities in Epirus. From 1943 onwards, EDES came into confrontation with the communist-led National Liberation Front, beginning a series of civil conflicts that would lead to the Greek Civil War.
The National Republican Greek League was founded on 9 September 1941 by a former army officer, Colonel Napoleon Zervas, a centrist who had been expelled from the army after the failed pro-Venizelist coup d'état of 1935, and two of his friends, Leonidas Spais and Ilias Stamatopoulos.
Like many other resistance movements founded during that time, the political orientation of the National Republican Greek League was Republican, with a strong dislike towards the exiled king, George II, and featured some vague leftist-socialist tendencies. In the aftermath of the four-year right-wing Metaxas dictatorship, which was strongly supported by the king, the monarchy was almost universally rejected, while social ideals for "social fairness" became the vogue among the various resistance groups.
The founding charter of EDES explicitly demanded the "establishment in Greece of a Republican regime, of Socialist form", the "revelation [...] of the treason of former King George II and the gang of the 4th of August Dictatorship", calling for a thorough cleansing of the state and Greek social and public life from anyone "who has not proven a National Republican [and] socialist conscience through actions". The charter acknowledged the prominent exiled Venizelist general Nikolaos Plastiras as its nominal political head, but due to his exile in France they failed to take his consent beforehand. For the time being, no reference to armed opposition against the occupying forces was made in the text.