Special Operations Executive
| Special Operations Executive | |
|---|---|
| Active | 22 July 1940 – 15 January 1946 |
| Country |
 United Kingdom |
| Allegiance | Allies |
| Role | Espionage; irregular warfare (especially sabotage and raiding operations); special reconnaissance. |
| Size | Approximately 13,000 |
| Nickname(s) | The Baker Street Irregulars Churchill's Secret Army Ministry of Ungentlemanly Warfare |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders |
Frank Nelson Charles Jocelyn Hambro Colin Gubbins |
The Special Operations Executive (SOE) was a British World War II organisation. Following Cabinet approval, it was officially formed by Minister of Economic Warfare Hugh Dalton on 22 July 1940, to conduct espionage, sabotage and reconnaissance in occupied Europe (and later, also in occupied Southeast Asia) against the Axis powers, and to aid local resistance movements.
One of the organisations from which SOE was created was also involved in the formation of the Auxiliary Units, a top secret "stay-behind" resistance organisation which would have been activated in the event of a German invasion of Britain.
Few people were aware of SOE's existence. To those who were part of it or liaised with it, it was sometimes referred to as "the Baker Street Irregulars", after the location of its London headquarters. It was also known as "Churchill's Secret Army" or the "Ministry of Ungentlemanly Warfare". Its various branches, and sometimes the organisation as a whole, were concealed for security purposes behind names such as the "Joint Technical Board" or the "Inter-Service Research Bureau", or fictitious branches of the Air Ministry, Admiralty or War Office.
SOE operated in all countries or former countries occupied by or attacked by the Axis forces, except where demarcation lines were agreed with Britain's principal Allies (the Soviet Union and the United States). It also made use of neutral territory on occasion, or made plans and preparations in case neutral countries were attacked by the Axis. The organisation directly employed or controlled just over 13,000 people, about 3,200 of whom were women.
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