Essentuki
| Yessentuki (English) Ессентуки (Russian) |
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.svg) Location of Stavropol Krai in Russia |
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 Yessentuki
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| City Day | Last Saturday of August |
| Administrative status (as of July 2011) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Stavropol Krai |
| Administratively subordinated to | city of krai significance of Yessentuki |
| Administrative center of | city of krai significance of Yessentuki |
| Municipal status (as of July 2010) | |
| Urban okrug | Yessentuki Urban Okrug |
| Administrative center of | Yessentuki Urban Okrug |
| Head | Larisa Pisarenko |
| Representative body | City Council |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census) | 100,996 inhabitants |
| - Rank in 2010 | 162nd |
| Time zone | MSK (UTC+03:00) |
| Founded | 1825 |
| City status since | 1917 |
| Postal code(s) | 357600 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 87934 |
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Yessentuki (; Russian: Ессентуки́) is a city in Stavropol Krai, Russia, located at the base of the Caucasus Mountains. The city serves as a railway station in the Mineralnye Vody—Kislovodsk branch, and is located 43 kilometers (27 mi) southwest of Mineralnye Vody and 17 kilometers (11 mi) west of Pyatigorsk. It is considered the cultural capital of Russia's Greek population and even today towards ten percent of its population is of Greek descent. Population: 100,996 (2010 Census);81,758 (2002 Census);85,082 (1989 Census).
In 1798, the Russian military and border redoubt of Yessentuksky was laid on the right bank of the Bolshoy Yessentuchok River, near its confluence with the Podkumok River. After the construction of the Kislovodsk fortress in 1803, the redoubt was abolished, and only the Cossack post was kept on its site. The mineral waters of Yessentuki were first probed in 1810 by the Moscow doctor Fyodor Gaaz. Gaaz found two small wells with salty water (the present Gaazo-Ponomaryovsky spring) in the valley of the stream of Kislusha, about 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) northeast of the Yessentuksky post. A detailed study of Bugunta mineral waters (the original name of the waters, after the Bugunta River flowing nearby) was made in 1823 by the Russian doctor and pharmacologist A. P. Nelyubin, who found twenty more mineral springs on the slopes of the mountain he referred to as Shchelochnaya (Nelyubin's numbering of the Yessentuki mineral waters is still maintained). In 1825, General Yermolov founded the stanitsa of Yessentukskaya on the Bugunta River 3.5 kilometers (2.2 mi) northeast of the former Yessentuksky post; its inhabitants were engaged in trade, trucking, and serving arriving patients. In 1839, water from springs ##23-26 was led to the common pool, where the first two baths of the wooden bathhouse were built at the expense of the Cossack Regiment Management.
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