Erythroxylum novogranatense
| Erythroxylum novogranatense | |
|---|---|
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| 5-year-old E. novogranatense var. novogranatense | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Erythroxylaceae |
| Genus: | Erythroxylum |
| Species: | E. novogranatense |
| Binomial name | |
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Erythroxylum novogranatense (D. Morris) Hieron. |
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Erythroxylum novogranatense is a neotropical species of Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae). Cocaine is produced from the leaves.
"Novogranatense" is derived from Latin: novo (new) and granatense (Granada). It was named by William Turner Thiselton-Dyer, the third director of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, because its country of origin was the Spanish colonial Viceroyalty of New Granada—present day Colombia.
Erythroxylum novogranatense contains 2 subspecies:
These two subspecies are phenotypically similar, but morphologically distinguishable.
Among the genus Erythroxylum, cocaine-rich leaves are obtained from 4 taxa:
E. novogranatense was originally identified as E. coca, subsequently described as a variety, and finally came to be recognized as its own species.
E. novogranatense var. novogranatense is native to Colombia and Venezuela, but its adaptability and easy propagation has led to a wide distribution over the Old World and New World tropics. It was introduced in Bogor (West Java, Indonesia) in 1875, and by 1888 large quantities of seed were already being distributed in South-East Asia. It has been grown in Peninsular Malaysia, western and eastern Java (Indonesia), northern Borneo (Indonesia), northern Sulawesi (Indonesia) and the Philippines (Luzon).
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Wikipedia