Encephalos
| Human brain | |
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Human brain and skull
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| Details | |
| Precursor | Neural tube |
| System |
Central nervous system Neuroimmune system |
| Artery | Internal carotid arteries, vertebral arteries |
| Vein | Internal jugular vein, internal cerebral veins, external veins: (superior and inferior cerebral veins, and middle cerebral veins), basal vein, terminal vein, choroid vein, cerebellar veins |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | Cerebrum |
| Greek | ἐγκέφαλος (enképhalos) |
| MeSH | D001921 |
| TA | A14.1.03.001 |
| FMA | 50801 |
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Anatomical terminology
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The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system. The human brain, with the spinal cord, makes up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. The brain is the organ that controls most of the activities of the body. The brain processes, integrates, and coordinates all of the information it receives from the sense organs. Sensory information is interpreted and analysed, and decisions are made as to the instructions transmitted to the rest of the body. The brain is contained in, and protected by, the skull bones of the head.
The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain. It is divided into two cerebral hemispheres which are covered by the cerebral cortex. The cortex is an outer layer of grey matter, that covers the core of white matter. The cortex is split into the neocortex and the much smaller allocortex. The neocortex is made up of six neuronal layers, and the allocortex has three or four such layers. Each hemisphere is conventionally divided into four lobes – the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. The frontal lobe is associated with executive functions including self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought, while the occipital lobe is dedicated to vision. Within each lobe, there are also cortical areas associated with specific functions, such as the sensory, a motor and association regions. Although the left and right hemispheres are broadly similar in shape and function, some functions are associated with a particular side of the brain, such as language in the left and visual-spatial ability in the right. The hemispheres are connected by nerve tracts known as commisures, the largest being the corpus callosum.
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Wikipedia