Temporal lobe
| Temporal lobe | |
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Lobes of the human brain (temporal lobe is shown in green)
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Section of brain showing upper surface of temporal lobe.
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| Details | |
| Part of | Cerebrum |
| Artery |
Middle cerebral artery Posterior cerebral artery |
| Vein |
Inferior anastomotic vein |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | Lobus temporalis |
| MeSH | A08.186.211.730.885.213.863 |
| NeuroNames | hier-107 |
| NeuroLex ID | Temporal Lobe |
| TA | A14.1.09.136 |
| FMA | 61825 |
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Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
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The temporal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals. The temporal lobe is located beneath the lateral fissure on both cerebral hemispheres of the mammalian brain.
The temporal lobe is involved in processing sensory input into derived meanings for the appropriate retention of visual memory, language comprehension, and emotion association.
The medial temporal lobe consists of structures that are vital for declarative or long-term memory. Declarative (denotative) or explicit memory is conscious memory divided into semantic memory (facts) and episodic memory (events). Medial temporal lobe structures that are critical for long-term memory include the hippocampus, along with the surrounding hippocampal region consisting of the perirhinal, parahippocampal, and entorhinal neocortical regions. The hippocampus is critical for memory formation, and the surrounding medial temporal cortex is currently theorized to be critical for memory storage. The prefrontal and visual cortices are also involved in explicit memory.
Research has shown that lesions in the hippocampus of monkeys results in limited impairment of function, whereas extensive lesions that include the hippocampus and the medial temporal cortex result in severe impairment.
The temporal lobe communicates with the hippocampus and plays a key role in the formation of explicit long-term memory modulated by the amygdala.
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