Emperor Ruizong
| Tang Ruizong |
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| Emperor of Tang Dynasty | |||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 27 February 684 – 8 October 690 | ||||||||||||||||
| Coronation | 27 February 684 | ||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Emperor Zhongzong | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Dynasty abolished (Wu Zetian as Empress Regnant of the Zhou Dynasty) |
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| Reign | 25 July 710 – 8 September 712 | ||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Emperor Shang | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Emperor Xuanzong | ||||||||||||||||
| Born | 22 June 662 | ||||||||||||||||
| Died | 16 July 716 (aged 54) Baifu Hall |
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| Spouse |
Empress Liu Consort Dou, concubine Consort Liu, concubine Consort Cui, concubine Consort Wang, concubine Consort Cui, concubine |
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| Issue |
Li Chengqi, Emperor Rang Li Chengyi, Crown Prince Huizhuang Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong Li Longfan, Crown Prince Huiwen Li Longye, Crown Prince Huixuan Li Longti, Prince of Sui Princess Shouchang Princess Zhaohuai of Anxing Princess Jingshan Princess Huaiyang Li Hua, the Princess Dai Princess Liang Princess Xue Princess Xi Princess Jinxian Li Chiying, the Princess Yuzhen Princess Huo |
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| House | Tang Dynasty | ||||||||||||||||
| Father | Emperor Gaozong of Tang | ||||||||||||||||
| Mother | Wu Zetian | ||||||||||||||||
| Full name | |
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Family name: Lǐ (李), later Wǔ (武) (changed 690) later changed back to Lǐ (changed 705) Given name: Originally Xùlún (旭輪), later Lún (輪) (changed 669), later Dàn (旦) (changed 678), later Lún again (changed 690) later Dàn again (changed 698) |
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First reign: Wénmíng (文明) 684 Guāngzhái (光宅) 684 Chúigǒng (垂拱) 685–689 Yǒngchāng (永昌) 689 Zǎichū (載初) 690 Second reign: Jǐngyún (景雲) 710–712 Tàijí (太極) 712 Yánhé (延和) 712 |
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| Posthumous name | |
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Short: Emperor Shengzhen (聖真皇帝) Full: Emperor Xuanzhen Dasheng Daxing Xiao (玄真大聖大興孝皇帝) |
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| Temple name | |
| Rùizōng (睿宗) |
| Tang Ruizong | |||||||||||
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| Literal meaning | "Farsighted Ancestor of the Tang" | ||||||||||
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| Li Dan | |||||||||||
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| Li Xulun | |||||||||||
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| Li Lun | |||||||||||
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| Wu Lun | |||||||||||
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| Wu Dan | |||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Táng Ruìzōng |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Tòhng Yeuihjūng |
| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Lǐ Dàn |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Léih Daan |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Lǐ Xùlún |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Léih Yūklèuhn |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Lǐ Lún |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Léih Lèuhn |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Wǔ Lún |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Móuh Lèuhn |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Wǔ Dàn |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Móuh Daan |
Emperor Ruizong of Tang (22 June 662 – 13 July 716), personal name Li Dan, also known at times during his life as Li Xulun, Li Lun, Wu Lun, and Wu Dan, was the fifth and ninth emperor of Tang Dynasty. He was the eighth son of Emperor Gaozong and the fourth son of Emperor Gaozong's second wife Empress Wu (later known as Wu Zetian).
In February 684, Li Dan's mother Empress Wu demoted his older brother Emperor Zhongzong (Li Xian) who had attempted to rule free of his mother, and named him emperor (as Emperor Ruizong). Emperor Ruizong, however, was a puppet under control of his mother and did not have any real power. In October 690 he ceded the imperial throne to his mother, who installed herself as empress regnant – the only woman in Chinese history ever to rule as empress regnant. Emperor Ruizong was reduced to the position of crown prince, with the unconventional title of Huangsi (皇嗣, "imperial successor"). In the following years, Empress Wu's nephews Wu Chengsi and Wu Sansi tried to have one of them named heir to the throne, but Wu Zetian resisted these calls. Eventually, in October 698, faced with foreign invasion and dissatisfaction at home, Empress Wu accepted the suggestion of the chancellor Di Renjie and recalled the exiled Li Xian to the capital Luoyang. Soon, Li Dan offered to yield the position of crown prince to his elder brother, and Li Xian became crown prince instead.
In 705, a coup overthrew Wu Zetian and restored Emperor Zhongzong to the throne. The five years of Emperor Zhongzong's reign were dominated by Zhongzong's empress consort, Empress Wei. In the beginning of July 710, Emperor Zhongzong died, allegedly poisoned by Empress Wei who then named Zhongzong's youngest son Li Chongmao the Prince of Wen emperor (as Emperor Shang). A mere two weeks later, Li Dan's sister Princess Taiping and Li Dan's son Li Longji the Prince of Linzi launched a coup which resulted in the death of Empress Wei. Princess Taiping, Li Longji, and Li Longji's brother Li Chengqi the Prince of Song then persuaded Li Dan to take the throne himself, and he agreed, returning the throne in Emperor Shang's stead. Li Longji, although not the oldest son, was made crown prince on account of his accomplishments.
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Wikipedia