Emperor Dezong of Tang
| Tang Dezong |
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| Emperor of Tang Dynasty | |||||||||||||||||
| Reign | June 12, 779 - February 25, 805 | ||||||||||||||||
| Coronation | June 12 779 | ||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Emperor Daizong | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Emperor Shunzong | ||||||||||||||||
| Born | May 27, 742 | ||||||||||||||||
| Died | February 25, 805 (aged 62) | ||||||||||||||||
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| Dynasty | Tang (唐) | ||||||||||||||||
| Full name | |
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| Era dates | |
| Jiànzhōng (建中) 780-783 Xīngyuán (興元) 784 Zhēngyuán (貞元) 785-805 |
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| Posthumous name | |
| Emperor Shenwu Xiaowen (神武孝文皇帝) |
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| Temple name | |
| Dézōng (德宗) |
| Tang Dezong | |||||||
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| Literal meaning | "Virtuous Ancestor of the Tang" | ||||||
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| Li Kuo | |||||||
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| Literal meaning | (personal name) | ||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Táng Dézōng |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Lǐ Kuò |
Emperor Dezong of Tang (May 27, 742 – February 25, 805), personal name Li Kuo, was an emperor of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and the oldest son of his father Emperor Daizong. His reign of 26 years was the third longest in the Tang dynasty (surpassed only by Emperor Xuanzong and Emperor Gaozong). Emperor Dezong started out as a diligent and frugal emperor and he tried to reform the governmental finances by introducing new tax laws. His attempts to destroy the powerful regional warlords and the subsequent mismanagement of those campaigns, however, resulted in a number of rebellions that nearly destroyed him and the Tang Dynasty. After those events, he dealt cautiously with the regional governors, causing warlordism to become unchecked, and his trust of eunuchs caused the eunuchs' power to rise greatly. He was also known for his paranoia about officials' wielding too much power, and late in his reign, he did not grant much authority to his chancellors.
Li Kuo was born in 742, during the reign of his great-grandfather Emperor Xuanzong. His father was Li Chu the Prince of Guangping—the oldest son of Emperor Xuanzong's son and crown prince Li Heng, and he was Li Chu's oldest son. His mother was a consort of Li Chu's, Consort Shen. He was born at the eastern palace—i.e., the Crown Prince's palace—at the Tang capital Chang'an. Later that year, he was created the Prince of Fengjie and given the honorific title of Tejin (特進). During the Anshi Rebellion, which erupted in 755, Emperor Xuanzong fled to Chengdu, while Li Heng and his sons, including Li Chu, fled to Lingwu. Li Kuo's exact locations during this time were not stated in historical records, although presumably he accompanied his father, because while his mother Consort Shen was captured by the rebel Yan forces along with many palace women, he was not. (Consort Shen disappeared during the rebellion and, after the end of the rebellion, despite repeated efforts made by both Li Chu and Li Kuo to find her, she was never located.) While Li Heng was at Lingwu, he was declared emperor (as Emperor Suzong), an act that Emperor Xuanzong later recognized.
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