Eastern salient of Java
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Eastern salient of Java Ujung Timur Pulau Jawa |
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|---|---|
| Geographical region | |
| Nickname(s): Tapal Kuda ("The Horseshoe"); De Oosthoek ("the eastern corner") | |
 The eastern salient of Java (bottom-right) shown in the context of the island of Java (top). |
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| Country | Indonesia |
| Province | East Java |
| Administrative subdivisions |
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| Population | |
| • Estimate (2010) | More than 7.5 million |
| Demographics | |
| • Ethnicity | Javanese (including Tenggerese and Osing), Madurese, others |
| • Religion | Islam, Hinduism, Kejawen, others |
The eastern salient of Java (Indonesian: ujung timur, "eastern end" or Tapal Kuda, "The Horseshoe" – referring to the region's shape on the map; Javanese: bang wetan, "far east", Dutch: Oosthoek, "eastern corner") is a region that makes up the easternmost part of the island of Java, Indonesia. It is not a formal or administrative subdivision, but rather a designation often used to refer to its distinct history, culture, and geographical feature. It is generally considered to begin in the Tengger mountain range and extend eastwards to the east coast of Java. It is entirely inside the Indonesian province of East Java.
The eastern salient consists of the narrow peninsula in the eastern extremity of the Java island. Anthropologist Robert W. Hefner considered the western boundary of the region to be just east of the modern-day Malang-Surabaya highway. The region extends 180 kilometers east-to-west, (out of Java's total length of about 1,000 kilometers), to the east coast of Java, just across the strait from Bali. Unlike Java's central heartland and northern coast, the region is drier, more rugged, and lacks major rivers. These factors make wet-rice agriculture less extensive here than in central regions of Java. The region covers the regencies of: Probolinggo, Lumajang, Jember, Situbondo, Bondowoso, and Banyuwangi, the eastern part of the Pasuruan Regency, as well as the city of Probolinggo.
The western section of the region, among Java's most rugged, isolated the eastern salient from Java's central heartland to its west. The Tengger massif (including Mount Bromo), and Mount Semeru, Java's highest peak, lie in this section. Together they form the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park. The Iyang-Argapura massif lies in the central section, and the Ijen composite volcano lies in the eastern section.
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