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Duchy of Gascony

Duchy of Gascony / Duchy of Vasconia
602–1453
The duchy of Gascony / Vasconia (green) in 1150
Capital Bordeaux
Languages Gascon
Basque
Middle Latin
Religion Western Christianity
Basque paganism
Government Not specified
Duke of Gascony / Duchy of Vasconia
 •  602 Genial
 •  1009 Sancho VI William of Gascony
 •  1052 William VIII, Duke of Aquitaine
 •  1362 Edward the Black Prince
Historical era Middle Ages
 •  Duke appointed by the Frankish kings 602
 •  Annexed by the Kingdom of France 1453
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Novempopulania
Guyenne
Today part of  France
 Spain

The Duchy of Gascony or Duchy of Vasconia; (Basque: Baskoniako dukerria; Occitan: ducat de Gasconha; French: duché de Gascogne, duché de Vasconie) was a duchy in present southwestern France and northeastern Spain, part corresponding to the modern region of Gascony after 824. The Duchy of Gascony, then known as Wasconia, was originally a Frankish march formed to hold sway over the Basques (Vascones). However, the Duchy went through different periods, from its early years with its distinctively Basque element to the merger in personal union with the Duchy of Aquitaine to the later period as a dependency of the Plantagenet kings of England.

In the Hundred Years' War, Charles V of France conquered most of Gascony by 1380, and under Charles VII of France it was incorporated into the kingdom of France in its entirety in 1453. The corresponding portion within Spain became part of the Basque Kingdom of Navarre.

Gascony was the core territory of Roman Gallia Aquitania. This province, by the 2nd century, was extended to include much of western Roman Gaul, as far north as the Loire. Thus, the name of the Aquitani came to be transferred to the territory of central-western France later known as the Duchy of Aquitaine. In 293, Diocletian re-created the original province of Caesar's Aquitania under the name of Novempopulania or Aquitania Tertia.


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