Ducatus Ultradunensis

Duchy of Livonia Księstwo Inflanckie (pl) Herzogtum Livland (de) Ducatus Ultradunensis (la)
Vassal of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, then of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
← 1561–1621 →   →
Coat of arms
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth with its major subdivisions after the 1618 Truce of Deulino, superimposed on present-day national borders. Livonia here is coloured dark grey, upper-right, over modern Estonia and Latvia. Swedish Estonia is coloured green.
Capital		Fellin (Viljandi) 58°22′N 25°36′E / 58.367°N 25.600°E / 58.367; 25.600Coordinates: 58°22′N 25°36′E / 58.367°N 25.600°E / 58.367; 25.600
Government		Principality
Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland
•	1561–72	Sigismund II Augustus
•	1573–75	Henry III de Valois
•	1576–86	Stephen Báthory and Anna Jagiellon
•	1588–1621	Sigismund III Vasa
Governor
•	1566–78	Jan Hieronimowicz Chodkiewicz
Historical era		Early Modern Age
•	Wilno Pact	November 28, 1561
•	Polish–Swedish War	1620–22
•	Treaty of Altmark	September 25, 1629 1621
•	1st Partition of Poland	August 5, 1772

Coat of arms

The Duchy of Livonia (Polish: Księstwo Inflanckie;Latin: Ducatus Ultradunensis; Estonian: Üleväina-Liivimaa hertsogkond; Latvian: Pārdaugavas hercogiste; also referred to as Polish Livonia or Inflanty) was a territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania—and later the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth—that existed from 1561 to 1621. It corresponds to the present-day areas of northern Latvia and southern Estonia.

Livonia had been part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1561, since the Livonian Order was secularized by the Union of Vilnius and the Livonian Confederation dissolved during the Livonian Wars. Part of Livonia, formed the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, while the south-west part of today's Estonia and north-east part of today's Latvia, covering what is now Vidzeme and Latgale, were ceded to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

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