Dollfuß
| Engelbert Dollfuss | |
|---|---|
| Engelbert Dollfuß | |
Dollfuss pictured in Kaiserschützen uniform, 1933.
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| 10th Chancellor of Austria | |
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In office 20 May 1932 – 25 July 1934 |
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| President | Wilhelm Miklas |
| Deputy | Franz Winkler Emil Fey Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg |
| Preceded by | Karl Buresch |
| Succeeded by | Kurt Schuschnigg |
| 14th Foreign Minister of Austria | |
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In office 20 May 1932 – 10 July 1934 |
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| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | Karl Buresch |
| Succeeded by | Stephan Tauschitz |
| 9th Minister of Agriculture | |
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In office 18 March 1931 – 25 June 1934 |
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| Prime Minister | Otto Ender Karl Buresch Himslef |
| Preceded by | Andreas Thaler |
| Succeeded by | Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg |
| 1st Federal Leader of the Fatherland Front | |
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In office 20 May 1933 – 25 July 1934 |
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| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
4 October 1892 Texingtal, Lower Austria, Cisleithania, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 25 July 1934 (aged 41) Vienna, Austria |
| Cause of death | Assassination |
| Resting place | Hietzinger Cemetery, Vienna, Austria |
| Nationality | Austrian |
| Political party | Christian Social Party |
| Spouse(s) | Alwine Dollfuß |
| Alma mater | University of Vienna |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Austria-Hungary |
| Service/branch | Austro-Hungarian Army |
| Years of service | 1914–1918 |
| Rank | Korporal |
| Unit | Kaiserschützen |
| Battles/wars | |
| Awards | Military Merit Cross 3rd Class Military Merit Medal (2 times) Medal for Bravery Karl Troop Cross (2 times) Wound Medal |
Engelbert Dollfuss (German: Engelbert Dollfuß, IPA: [ˈɛŋəlbɛʁt ˈdɔlfuːs]; 4 October 1892 – 25 July 1934) was an Austrian Christian Social and Patriotic Front statesman. Having served as Minister for Forests and Agriculture, he ascended to Federal Chancellor in 1932 in the midst of a crisis for the conservative government. In early 1933, he shut down parliament, banned the Austrian Nazi party and assumed dictatorial powers. Suppressing the Socialist movement in February 1934, he cemented the rule of “austrofascism” through the authoritarian First of May Constitution. Dollfuss was assassinated as part of a failed coup attempt by Nazi agents in 1934. His successor Kurt Schuschnigg maintained the regime until Adolf Hitler's annexation of Austria in 1938.
He was born in Texing in Lower Austria to unmarried mother Josepha Dollfuss and her lover Joseph Weninger. The couple, of peasant origin, was unable to get married due to financial problems. A few months after her son’s birth, Josepha married landowner Leopold Schmutz in Kirnberg, who did not, however, adopt Engelbert as his own child. Dollfuss, who was raised as a devout Roman Catholic, received a scholarship for the minor seminary of the Archdiocese of Vienna in Hollabrunn in 1904. Having obtained his Matura degree in 1913, he first decided to continue his studies at the Vienna seminary but subsequently switched to study law at the University of Vienna.
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