Doboj
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Doboj Добој The City on Three Rivers |
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|---|---|
| Municipality | |
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 Location of Doboj |
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| Coordinates: 44°44′N 18°08′E / 44.733°N 18.133°ECoordinates: 44°44′N 18°08′E / 44.733°N 18.133°E | |
| Country |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
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| Entity | Republika Srpska |
| Government | |
| Area | |
| • Total | 648 km2 (250 sq mi) |
| Population (2013 census) | |
| • Total | 77,223 |
| • Density | 100,02/km2 (25,910/sq mi) |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) |
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) |
| Area code(s) | 53 |
| Website | http://doboj.gov.ba |
Doboj (Cyrillic: Добој; pronounced [dôboj]) is a city and municipality in northern Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska entity, on the river Bosna. Doboj is the largest national railway junction Railways Corporation of Bosnia and Herzegovina are located in Doboj. It is one of the oldest cities in the country and the most important urban center in northern Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The first official mention of the settlement is from 1415, as it was written in the charter issued by Dubrovnik to Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, although there are numerous artefacts and objects that have been found (the National Museum of Bosnia/Herzegovina in Sarajevo and the Regional Museum in Doboj) and which confirm the fact that the area had been inhabited ever since the early Stone Age, and that the Roman Empire had an army camp (Castrum) and a settlement (Canabea) in the vicinity of the town dating from the 1st century AD. Following the arrival of the Slavs in the 6th century it became a part of the region/bannate Usora (in the medieval documents sometimes put together with the nearby province Soli, hence, Usora and Soli).
The Doboj fortress, a royal Kotromanić fortress, was first built in the early 13th century and then expanded in the early 15th century (1415). It was expanded again during the Ottoman Empire in 1490. This newer stone foundation of the fortress was built on previous layers of older foundation (dating to the 9th or 10th centuries) made of wood, mud and clay (Motte and Bailey type). It was a very important obstacle for invaders coming from the north, Hungarians, and later on, Austrians and Germans. It was built in the Gotho-Roman style with Gothic towers and Romanesque windows. The area saw numerous battles in medieval times and the fortress often changed hands between Bosnian and Hungarian armies. Doboj was the site of a particularly major battle between the Hungarians and a Bosnian/Turkish coalition in early August 1415 in which the Hungarians were heavily defeated on the field where the modern city of Doboj lies today (especially around the Makljenovac and Usora areas). As an important border fortress (between the Bosnian Kingdom and Hungary), it was also frequently attacked (officially recorded as 18 times) in the Austro-Ottoman Wars, and finally fell to the Habsburgs in 1878.
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