Dichloromethane
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| Names | |||
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IUPAC name
Dichloromethane
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| Other names
Methylene chloride, Methylenechloride, methylene dichloride, Solmethine, Narkotil, Solaesthin, Di-clo, Refrigerant-30 Freon-30, R-30, DCM, UN 1593, MDC
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| Identifiers | |||
75-09-2 
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| 3D model (Jmol) | Interactive image | ||
| ChEBI |
CHEBI:15767
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| ChEMBL |
ChEMBL45967
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| ChemSpider |
6104
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.763 | ||
| EC Number | 200-838-9 | ||
| KEGG |
D02330
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| PubChem | 6344 | ||
| RTECS number | PA8050000 | ||
| UNII |
588X2YUY0A
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| Properties | |||
| CH2Cl2 | |||
| Molar mass | 84.93 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colorless liquid | ||
| Odor | chloroform-like | ||
| Density | 1.3266 g/cm3 (20 °C) | ||
| Melting point | −96.7 °C (−142.1 °F; 176.5 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 39.6 °C (103.3 °F; 312.8 K) decomposes at 720 °C 39.75 °C (103.55 °F; 312.90 K) at 760 mmHg |
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| 25.6 g/L (15 °C) 17.5 g/L (25 °C) 15.8 g/L (30 °C) 5.2 g/L (60 °C) |
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| Solubility | Miscible in ethyl acetate, alcohol, hexanes, benzene, CCl4, diethyl ether, CHCl3 | ||
| Vapor pressure | 0.13 kPa (−70.5 °C) 2 kPa (−40 °C) 19.3 kPa (0 °C) 57.3 kPa (25 °C) 79.99 kPa (35 °C) |
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Henry's law
constant (kH) |
3.25 L·atm/mol | ||
| -46.6·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
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Refractive index (nD)
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1.4244 (20 °C) | ||
| Viscosity | 0.43 cP (20 °C) 0.413 cP (25 °C) |
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| Structure | |||
| 1.6 D | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
| 102.3 J/mol·K | |||
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Std molar
entropy (S |
174.5 J/mol·K | ||
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Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
-124.3 kJ/mol | ||
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Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH |
473.21 kJ/mol | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Safety data sheet | See: data page | ||
| GHS pictograms |
 
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| GHS signal word | Warning | ||
| H315, H319, H335, H336, H351, H373 | |||
| P261, P281, P305+351+338 | |||
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EU classification (DSD)
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 XnCarc. Cat. 2B |
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| R-phrases | R36/37/38, R40, R67 | ||
| S-phrases | S23, S24/25, S36/37 | ||
| Eye hazard | Irritant | ||
| NFPA 704 | |||
| Flash point | None, but can form flammable vapour-air mixtures above ~100 °C | ||
| 556 °C (1,033 °F; 829 K) | |||
| Explosive limits | 13%-23% | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
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LD50 (median dose)
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1.25 g/kg (rats, oral) 2 g/kg (rabbits, oral) |
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LC50 (median concentration)
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24,929 ppm (rat, 30 min) 14,400 ppm (mouse, 7 hr) |
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LCLo (lowest published)
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5000 ppm (guinea pig, 2 hr) 10,000 ppm (rabbit, 7 hr) 12,295 ppm (cat, 4.5 hr) 14,108 ppm (dog, 7 hr) |
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| US health exposure limits (NIOSH): | |||
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PEL (Permissible)
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25 ppm over 8 hours (time weighted average), 125 ppm over 15 minutes (STEL) | ||
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REL (Recommended)
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Ca | ||
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IDLH (Immediate danger)
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Ca [2300 ppm] | ||
| Supplementary data page | |||
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Refractive index (n), Dielectric constant (εr), etc. |
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Thermodynamic
data |
Phase behaviour solid–liquid–gas |
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| UV, IR, NMR, MS | |||
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is  ?) |
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| Infobox references | |||
Dichloromethane (DCM, or methylene chloride) is an organic compound with the formula CH2Cl2. This colorless, volatile liquid with a moderately sweet aroma is widely used as a solvent. Although it is not miscible with water, it is miscible with many organic solvents. One of the most well-known applications of dichloromethane is in the drinking bird heat engine.
Natural sources of dichloromethane include oceanic sources, macroalgae, wetlands, and volcanoes. However, the majority of dichloromethane in the environment is the result of industrial emissions.
DCM is produced by treating either chloromethane or methane with chlorine gas at 400–500 °C. At these temperatures, both methane and chloromethane undergo a series of reactions producing progressively more chlorinated products. In this way, an estimated 400,000 tons were produced in the US, Europe, and Japan in 1993.
The output of these processes is a mixture of chloromethane, dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. These compounds are separated by distillation.
DCM was first prepared in 1839 by the French chemist Henri Victor Regnault (1810–1878), who isolated it from a mixture of chloromethane and chlorine that had been exposed to sunlight.
DCM's volatility and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds makes it a useful solvent for many chemical processes.
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Wikipedia