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Dervish State

Dervish state
Dawlada Daraawiish
دولة الدراويش
1897–1920


Flag

Capital Taleh
Languages Somali, Arabic
Religion Islam
Government Monarchy
King
 •  1897

–1920

Mohammed Abdullah Hassan
History
 •  Established 1897
 •  Disestablished 9 February 1920
Currency Maria Theresa thaler, Italian Somaliland rupia
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Warsangali Sultanate
British Somaliland
Italian Somaliland
Ethiopian Empire
Today part of  Somalia
 Ethiopia


Flag

–1920

The Dervish state (Somali: Dawlada Daraawiish, Arabic: دولة الدراويش‎‎ Dawlāt ad-Darāwīsh) was an early 20th-century Somali Sunni Kingdom that was established by Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, a religious leader who gathered Somali soldiers from across the Horn of Africa and united them into a loyal army known as the Dervishes. This Dervish army enabled Hassan to carve out a powerful state through conquest of lands claimed by the Somali Sultans, the Ethiopians and the European powers. The Dervish State acquired renown in the Islamic and Western worlds due to its resistance against the European empires of Britain and Italy. The Dervish forces successfully repulsed the British Empire in four military expeditions, and forced it to retreat to the coastal region. As a result of its fame in the Middle East and Europe, the Dervish State was recognized as an ally by the Ottoman Empire and the German Empire. It also succeeded at outliving the Scramble for Africa, and remained throughout World War I the only independent Muslim power on the continent. After a quarter of a century of holding the British at bay, the Dervishes were finally defeated in 1920.


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