Derby is a city in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 12,903 at the 2010 census. It is the smallest consolidated city of Connecticut by area and population.

Derby was settled in 1642 as an Indian trading post under the name Paugasset. It was named after Derby, England, in 1675.

Derby was incorporated on May 13, 1775.

In the 19th century, both corsets and hoop skirts were manufactured in the city.

In 1872, the Derby Silver Company began production. In 1898, the company became a division of the International Silver Company headquartered in Meriden, CT, but continued making silver with its brand name until 1933.

Charlton Comics, a comic book publishing company that existed from 1944 to 1986, was based in town.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 5.4 square miles (8.7 km²), of which, 5.0 square miles (13 km²) of it is land and 0.4 square miles (1.0 km²) of it (7.41%) is water. The city is home to the 1.4 square kilometres (350 acres) Osbornedale State Park. Derby is divided into two main sections by the Naugatuck River: East Derby and Derby Center (Birmingham). The center of Derby is approximately 66 miles (106 km) from New York City.

As of the census of 2000, there were 12,391 people, 5,252 households, and 3,245 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,487.6 people per square mile (960.7/km²). There were 5,568 housing units at an average density of 1,117.8 per square mile (431.7/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 90.08% White, 3.62% Black or African American, 0.16% Native American, 1.74% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 2.52% from other races, and 1.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.67% of the population.

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