Daniel McCallum

Daniel Craig McCallum
Brig. Gen. McCallum
Born	(1815-01-21)January 21, 1815 Johnstone, Scotland
Died	December 27, 1878(1878-12-27) (aged 63) Brooklyn, New York
Place of burial	Mount Hope Cemetery
Allegiance	United States of America Union
Service/branch	United States Army Union Army
Years of service	1861–1866
Rank	Brigadier General Brevet Major General
Commands held	U.S. Military Railroads
Battles/wars	American Civil War
Other work	raiload engineer, architect

Daniel Craig McCallum (21 January 1815 – 27 December 1878) was a Scottish-born American railroad engineer, general manager of the New York and Erie Railroad and Union Brevet Major General during the American Civil War, known as one of the early pioneers of management. He set down a set of general principles of management, and is credited for having developed the first modern organizational chart.

McCallum was born in Johnstone in the council area of Renfrewshire in the west central Lowlands of Scotland in 1815. In 1822 his family emigrated to New York, when he was still a boy. They settled in Rochester, New York, where he spent a few years at elementary school. He didn't want to follow his fathers footsteps to become a tailor. Instead he left school to become a carpenter and worked his way up.

Early 1840s McCallum worked as engineer in Rochester, where among other buildings he designed the Saint Joseph's Church. Later in the 1840s he started building and maintaining railway bridges as subcontractor for the New York and Erie Railroad. Late 1840s McCallum became in charge of the bridges of the New York and Erie railroad, where he started experimenting with new construction methods. He developed and in 1851 patented a new type of bridge, named the "McCallum Inflexible Arched Truss Bridge". This bridge-type could withstand heavier loads and required less maintenance than previous designs. One bridge was built at Lanesboro, Pennsylvania over the Susquehanna River, which enduring construction drew national attention.