Czechoslovak Federative Republic
| Czech and Slovak Federative Republic | ||||||||||||
| Česká a Slovenská Federativní / Federatívna Republika | ||||||||||||
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Motto "Pravda vítězí / Pravda víťazí" (Czech/Slovak) "Veritas vincit" (Latin) "Truth prevails" (1990–1992) |
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Anthem Kde domov můj • Nad Tatrou sa blýska Where is my home? Lightning over the Tatras |
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| Capital | Prague | |||||||||||
| Languages | Czech · Slovak | |||||||||||
| Government | Federal parliamentary constitutional republic | |||||||||||
| President | ||||||||||||
| • | 1989–1992 | Václav Havel | ||||||||||
| Prime Minister | ||||||||||||
| • | 1989–1992 | Marián Čalfa | ||||||||||
| • | 1992 | Jan Stráský | ||||||||||
| Legislature | Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia) | |||||||||||
| • | Upper house | Chamber of Nations (Czechoslovakia) | ||||||||||
| • | Lower house | Chamber of Peoples (Czechoslovakia) | ||||||||||
| Historical era | Velvet Revolution • Revolutions of 1989 | |||||||||||
| • | Constitutional change | 23 April 1990 | ||||||||||
| • | Dissolution | 31 December 1992 | ||||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||||
| • | 1992 | 127,900 km2 (49,400 sq mi) | ||||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||||
| • | 1992 est. | 15,600,000 | ||||||||||
| Density | 122/km2 (316/sq mi) | |||||||||||
| Currency | Czechoslovak koruna | |||||||||||
| Internet TLD | .cs | |||||||||||
| Calling code | +42 | |||||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Czech Republic Slovakia
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After the fall of communism in 1989, Czechoslovakia adopted its official name Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (Czech/Slovak: Česká a Slovenská Federativní/Federatívna Republika, ČSFR) during the period from 23 April 1990 until 31 December 1992, when the country was dissolved into the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. This period can be sometimes to be referred to as the Fourth Czechoslovak Republic.
Since 1960, Czechoslovakia's official name had been the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (Československá socialistická republika, ČSSR). In the aftermath of the Velvet Revolution, newly elected President Václav Havel announced that "Socialist" would be dropped from the country's official name.
Conventional wisdom suggested that the country would resume the name used from 1919 to 1938 and from 1945 to 1960, Československá republika (Czechoslovak Republic). However, Slovak politicians objected that the traditional name subsumed Slovakia's equal status in the federal state too much. The first compromise was Constitutional Law 81/1990, which changed the country's name to Czechoslovak Federative Republic (Czech: ''Československá federativní republika, Slovak: Česko-slovenská federatívna republika), explicitly acknowledging the federal nature of the state. It was passed on 29 March 1990 (coming into force on the same day) only after an informal agreement on the Slovak form which would be explicitly codified by a future law on state symbols. This was met with general disapproval and another round of haggling, dubbed "the hyphen war" (pomlčková válka/vojna) after Slovaks' wish to insert a hyphen into the name (Česko-Slovensko). However, aggrieved Czechs vehemently opposed it as too reminiscent of such practice during the "Second Republic" (when the official name was "Czecho-Slovak Republic"—which had also been used from 1918 to 1919)--when the country had been mutilated by the Munich Agreement and was slipping toward its final dismemberment at the hands of Nazi Germany a year later. The resultant compromise, after much behind-the-scenes negotiation, was Constitutional Law 101/1990, passed on 20 April and in force since its declaration on 23 April. The law changed the country's name to "Czech and Slovak Federative Republic"; unlike the previous one, it also explicitly listed both versions and stated they were equal.
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