Cysteamine
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Skeletal formula (top)
Ball-and-stick model of the cysteamine |
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| Synonyms | 2-Aminoethanethiol β-Mercaptoethylamine 2-Mercaptoethylamine Decarboxycysteine Thioethanolamine Mercaptamine |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.421 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C2H7NS |
| Molar mass | 77.15 g·mol−1 |
| Melting point | 95 to 97 °C (203 to 207 °F) |
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Cysteamine is a drug used to treat cystinosis; it removes cystine that builds up in cells of people with the disease. It is available in capsules and in eye drops. It is also naturally present in animals and is used by the body to make homotaurine.
The main side effects are Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, severe skin rashes, ulcers or bleeding in the stomach and intestines, central nervous symptoms, low white blood cell levels, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). IIH can cause headache, ringing in the ears, dizziness, nausea, blurry vision, loss of vision, and pain behind the eye or with eye movement.
Cysteamine is used to treat cystinosis; it is available in by mouth (capsule and extended release capsule) and in eye drops.
The drug is in pregnancy category C; the risks of cysteamine to a fetus are not known but it harms babies in animal models at doses less than those given to people.
The label for oral formulations of cysteamine carry warnings about symptoms similar to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, severe skin rashes, ulcers or bleeding in the stomach and intestines, central nervous symptoms including seizures, lethargy, somnolence, depression, and encephalopathy, low white blood cell levels, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension that can cause headache, tinnitus, dizziness, nausea, double or blurry vision, loss of vision, and pain behind the eye or pain with eye movement.
Additional adverse effects of oral cysteamine include bad breath, skin odor, vomiting, nausea, stomach pain, diarrhea, and loss of appetite.
For eye drops, the most common adverse effects are sensitivity to light, redness, and eye pain, headache, and visual field defects.
There are no drug interactions for normal capsules or eye drops, but the extended release capsules should not be taken with drugs that affect stomach acid like proton pump inhibitors or with alcohol, as they can cause the drug to be released too quickly. It doesn't inhibit any enzymes.
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Wikipedia