Convoy HG 84

Part of World War II

Date	14–17 June 1942
Location	eastern Atlantic
Result	Inconclusive

Belligerents

Germany

United Kingdom

Commanders and leaders

Admiral Karl Dönitz

Commodore:Capt. HT Hudson
SO Escort: Cdr. Frederic John Walker

Strength

9 U-boats

23 Ships
7 Escorts

Casualties and losses

3 U-boats damaged

5 Ships sunk

HG 84 was an Allied convoy of the HG (Homeward from Gibraltar) series during World War II.

Following the U-boat Arm’s defeat whilst attacking convoy HG 76, Befehlshaber der U-Boote (BdU), the U-boat high command, had temporarily discontinued further attacks against convoys on the Gibraltar route. This was overtaken by the shift in focus to Operation Drumbeat, the offensive against US shipping off the American east coast, and for six months the route was left undisturbed. Seven outbound and seven homebound convoys, averaging 20 ships each, sailed without loss over a six-month period. In June 1942 BdU determined that renewing the attack there would be profitable once more as it would achieve strategic surprise.

HG 84 comprised 20 ships homeward bound from Gibraltar, many in ballast, or carrying trade goods. The convoy commodore was Captain H.T. Hudson in Pelayo, and the convoy was protected by an understrength escort group. This was 36th Escort Group, consisting of the sloop HMS Stork and three corvettes HMS Convolvulus, HMS Gardenia and HMS Marigold, under the command of F.J. Walker. The convoy was accompanied by a CAM ship, SS Empire Moon, and the rescue ship Copeland.

Ranged against them was the wolfpack Endrass (named for the U-boat ace Engelbert Endrass) of nine U-boats (U-71, U-84, U-89, U-132, U-134, U-437, U-552, U-571, U-575).

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