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Confederacy (American Civil War)

Confederate States of America
Unrecognized state
1861–1865
Great Seal (1863–65)
Great Seal (1863–65)
Motto
Deo vindice (Latin)
"Under God, our Vindicator"
Anthem
The Confederate States in 1862. Light green denotes claims made by the Confederacy. Medium green denotes western counties of Virginia that separated from that State and were admitted to the Union as West Virginia. Teal denotes the still contested Indian Territory.
Capital
Languages English (de facto)
Government Federal/Confederal presidential non-partisan republic
President Jefferson Davis
Vice President Alexander Stephens
Legislature Congress
 •  Upper house Senate
 •  Lower house House of Representatives
Historical era
 •  Provisional constitution February 8, 1861
 •  Permanent constitution February 22, 1862
 •  Battle of Fort Sumter April 12, 1861
 •  Siege of Vicksburg May 18, 1863
 •  Military collapse April 9, 1865
 •  Dissolution May 5, 1865
Area
 •  18601 1,995,392 km2 (770,425 sq mi)
Population
 •  18601 est. 9,103,332 
     Density 5/km2 (12/sq mi)
 •  Slaves2 est. 3,521,110 
Currency
Preceded by
Succeeded by
South Carolina
Mississippi
Florida
Alabama
Georgia
Louisiana
Texas
Virginia
Arkansas
Tennessee
North Carolina
United States
Today part of  United States
The Davis Cabinet
OFFICE NAME TERM
President Jefferson Davis 1861–65
Vice President Alexander Stephens 1861–65
Secretary of State Robert Toombs 1861
Robert M.T. Hunter 1861–62
Judah P. Benjamin 1862–65
Secretary of the Treasury Christopher Memminger 1861–64
George Trenholm 1864–65
John H. Reagan 1865
Secretary of War Leroy Pope Walker 1861
Judah P. Benjamin 1861–62
George W. Randolph 1862
James Seddon 1862–65
John C. Breckinridge 1865
Secretary of the Navy Stephen Mallory 1861–65
Postmaster General John H. Reagan 1861–65
Attorney General Judah P. Benjamin 1861
Thomas Bragg 1861–62
Thomas H. Watts 1862–63
George Davis 1864–65

The Confederate States of America (CSA or C.S.), commonly referred to as the Confederacy, was a self-proclaimed nation of 11 secessionist slave-holding states of the United States, existing from 1861 to 1865. The Confederacy was originally formed by seven states – South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas – in the Lower South region of the United States whose regional economy was mostly dependent upon agriculture, particularly cotton, and a plantation system that relied upon the labor of African-American slaves.

Each state declared its secession from the United States following the November 1860 election of Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln to the U.S. presidency on a platform which opposed the expansion of slavery. Before Lincoln took office in March, a new Confederate government was established in February 1861, which was considered illegal by the government of the United States. After the Civil War began in April, four slave states of the Upper SouthVirginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina – also declared their secession and joined the Confederacy. The Confederacy later accepted Missouri and Kentucky as members, although neither officially declared secession nor were they ever largely controlled by Confederate forces; Confederate attempted to control the two states but were later exiled from them.


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Wikipedia

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