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City of Groningen

Groningen
City and Municipality
Montage of buildings in the city of Groningen divided by thin lines
Top row: Gasunie Building and Grote Markt Square; middle row: Groningen City Theater/Korenbeurs and Aa Church, Martini Tower and Goudkantoor; bottom row: Groninger Museum.
White flag with a horizontal green band in the middle
Flag
Two black eagles holding a crowned yellow shield
Coat of arms
Highlighted position of Groningen in a municipal map of Groningen
Location in Groningen
Coordinates: 53°13′N 6°34′E / 53.217°N 6.567°E / 53.217; 6.567Coordinates: 53°13′N 6°34′E / 53.217°N 6.567°E / 53.217; 6.567
Country Netherlands
Province Groningen
Government
 • Body Municipal council
 • Mayor Peter van Oudsten (PVDA)
Area
 • Municipality 83.75 km2 (32.34 sq mi)
 • Land 78.05 km2 (30.14 sq mi)
 • Water 5.70 km2 (2.20 sq mi)
Elevation 7 m (23 ft)
Population (Municipality, August 2017; Urban and Metro, May 2014)
 • Municipality 200,733
 • Density 2,572/km2 (6,660/sq mi)
 • Urban 216,655
 • Metro 360,748
Demonym(s) Groninger
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postcode 9700–9747
Area code 050
Website gemeente.groningen.nl

Groningen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣroːnɪŋə(n)] (About this sound listen); Gronings: Grunnen) is the main municipality as well as the capital city of the eponymous province in the Netherlands. With a population of 202,567 as of 2017, it is the largest city in the north of the Netherlands. An old city, Groningen was the regional power of the northern Netherlands, a semi-independent city-state and member of the German Hanseatic League. Groningen is a university city: it houses the University of Groningen (with about 30,000 students) and the Hanze University of Applied Sciences (with about 25,000 students).

The city was founded on the northernmost point of the Hondsrug area. The oldest document referring to Groningen's existence dates from 1040. However, the city already existed long before then: the oldest archaeological traces found are believed to stem from the years 3950–3720 BC, although the first major settlement in Groningen has been traced back to the 3rd century AD.

In the 13th century, when Groningen was an important trade centre, its inhabitants built a city wall to underline its authority. The city had a strong influence on the surrounding lands and made its dialect a common tongue. The most influential period of the city was the end of the 15th century, when the nearby province of Friesland was administered from Groningen. During these years, the Martinitoren was built, which loomed over the city (then) at 127 metres (417 feet) tall. The city's independence came to an end when in 1536, it chose to accept Emperor Charles V, the Habsburg ruler of the other Netherlands, as its overlord.


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