Ciro in Armenia

Ciro in Armenia
Opera by Maria Teresa Agnesi Pinottini
Title page of the libretto
Librettist	Pinottini
Language	Italian
Based on	work by Umberto Manferrari and G. Manfredi
Premiere	26 December 1753 (1753-12-26) (Carnival season) Teatro Regio Ducal, Milan

Ciro in Armenia is a dramma per musica or opera in three acts by composer Maria Teresa Agnesi Pinottini. The work premiered in Milan on 26 December 1753 at the Teatro Regio Ducal. The work uses an Italian language libretto by the composer which is based on a work by Umberto Manferrari and G. Manfredi.

Pinottini was one of the earliest female Italian opera composers, and this opera was considered her finest achievement. Pinottini had previously composed two other operas; the first of which, II Restauro di Arcadia, also premiered at the Teatro Regio Ducal in 1747.

A complete score of Ciro in Armenia was lost during World War II. Only fragments from the opera survive, some of which have been recorded. The surviving portions of the score are a part of the collection of the library at the Milan Conservatory. Tom Service, music critic for The Guardian, included the work is his 2015 list of the 10 best operas written by women composers.

The information in this section is taken from the published libretto (see 'External links').

The story is elaborated (unhistorically) from Xenophon's account in his Anabasis of Cyrus the Younger's campaign in 401 BC. The plot centres on the plans of Ciro (Cyrus) to wage war against Assyria in league with the Medes. However the King of Armenia, formerly a vassal of the Medes, changes allegiance to side with the Assyrians, prompting Cyrus to invade Armenia. Cyrus quickly overwhelms the Armenians. Tigrane, son of the Armenian King Arsace, was a childhood friend of Ciro and persuades him generously to forgive Arsace, allowing the marriage of Tigrane with the Phrygian princess Palmide.