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Chlorobutanol

Chlorobutanol
Chlorobutanol Structural Formula V.2.svg
Chlorobutanol3d.png
Names
IUPAC name
1,1,1-Trichloro-2-methylpropan-2-ol
Other names
1,1,1-Trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol; Chlorbutol; Chloreton; Chloretone; Chlortran; Trichloro-tert-butyl alcohol; 1,1,1-Trichloro-tert-butyl alcohol; 2-(Trichloromethyl)propan-2-ol, 1,1,1-trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol; tert-Trichlorobutyl alcohol; Trichloro-tert-butanol; Trichlorisobutylalcohol; 2,2,2-Trichloro-1,1-dimethylethanol
Identifiers
3D model (Jmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.288
KEGG
UNII
Properties
C4H7Cl3O
Molar mass 177.45 g·mol−1
Appearance White solid
Odor Menthol
Melting point 95–99 °C (203–210 °F; 368–372 K)
Boiling point 167 °C (333 °F; 440 K)
Slightly soluble
Solubility in acetone Soluble
Pharmacology
A04AD04 (WHO)
Hazards
Main hazards Xn
NFPA 704
Flammability code 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g., canola oil Health code 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g., chloroform Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Chlorobutanol, or trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol, is a chemical preservative, sedative hypnotic and weak local anaesthetic similar in nature to chloral hydrate. It has antibacterial and antifungal properties. Chlorobutanol is typically used at a concentration of 0.5% where it lends long term stability to multi-ingredient formulations. However, it retains antimicrobial activity at 0.05% in water. In pure state it is a white, volatile solid with a menthol-like odor.

Chlorobutanol is formed by the simple nucleophilic addition of chloroform and acetone. The reaction is base driven by potassium or sodium hydroxide.

Chlorobutanol is highly toxic to the liver, is a skin irritant and a severe eye irritant.

Chlorobutanol has proven effective at stimulating parthenogenesis in sea urchin eggs up to the pluteus stage, possibly by increasing irritability to cause stimulation. For the eggs of the fish Oryzias latipes, however, chlorobutanol only acted as an anaesthetic.



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