Chetniks in occupied Serbia (1916–18)
The Kingdom of Serbia was occupied by Austria-Hungary and the Kingdom of Bulgaria on 1 January 1916. The Army Staff sent Chetnik veteran Kosta Pećanac into the Toplica District to organize a guerrilla uprising. Several Chetnik (guerrilla) detachments were established throughout the occupied territory.
In October 1915, Kingdom of Serbia, which had throughout fall 1914 managed to withstand and repel three Austro-Hungarian invasions, found itself under attack again. This time it was a joint Austro-Hungarian, German, and Bulgarian invasion from two directions that included Austro-Hungarian Third Army, German Eleventh Army, and Bulgarian First and Second armies. Outnumbered and outmatched, the Serbian Army was defeated by December 1915. However, rather than surrendering and capitulating, the Serbian military and political leaders decided on a long and arduous army retreat south towards Albania in hopes of reaching the Adriatic coast for evacuation and regrouping. As a result, the invading Central Powers forces occupied the entire territory of the Kingdom of Serbia. In the immediate division of spoils, the Kingdom of Bulgaria got the area of Pomoravlje, which had been a target of Bulgarian nationalism.
Kosta Pećanac, 1916
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