Chamacoco people
Konzehet Faustino (ebytoso) Pto. Esperanza (1990)
|
|
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| (1,800 (2007)) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Paraguay Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul) |
|
| Languages | |
| Chamacoco | |
| Religion | |
| traditional tribal religion, Christianity |
The Chamacoco people (Ishír) are an indigenous people of Paraguay. Some also live in Brazil.
The Chamacoco have two major divisions, the Ebytoso, who lived along the Paraguay River, and the Tomáraho, who traditionally lived in the forests. The Ebytoso converted to Christianity, while the Tomáraho have lived in marginal areas in order to preserve their traditional world views and lifeways. In the 1980s the Instituto Nacional del Indigena (INDI) resettled the Tomáraho in a community called Puerto Esperanza with the Ebytoso.
The Chamacoco are also known as the Ishiro, Yshiro, Jeywo, Yshyro, Xamicoco, Xamacoco, or Yshyr people. Their autonym is Ishír. The term ɨshɨr (also spelled Ishir or Yshyr) properly means 'person', but now is also used with the meaning of 'indigenous' in opposition to the Paraguayan people, who are called Maro.
According to the 2002 census the population yshyr in Paraguay that identified themselves as ysyr was 1571 people, mainly located in the district of Fuerte Olimpo in Paraguay, being the largest migrant group which is in the district Ygatimí (85 in 2002). According to data from the brazilian Social and Environmental Institute (ISA), in 1994, 40 individuals were living in the Indian Reservation of Kadiwéu in Brazil.
During the 80's, the yshyr were displaced from their lands and relocated by the National Indigenous Institute of Paraguay (INDI) confining them to small riparian areas. In 1986 the tomáraho were moved from San Carlos to Potrerito, to land belonging to the ybytoso, and later were given land in Maria Elena.
Yshyr (chamacoco) people speak the yshyr, a Zamuco language. The designation "chamacoco" is probably related to "chamóc" or "zamúc," the ethnonym for the group of the Zamuco Family. The language is called Yshyr ahwoso (also spelled ɨshɨr ahwoso) by the speakers.
Yshyr language was studied and described by the Jesuits s in the eighteenth century, and includes the dialects tomáraho (or tomaraxa), ybytoso (or ebitoso) and orio.
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