Celso Ceretti
| Celso Ceretti | |
|---|---|
Celso Ceretti
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| Born |
13 January 1844 Mirandola, Emilia-Romagna, Italy |
| Died | 12 January 1909 (aged 64) Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Occupation | Politician |
Celso Ceretti (13 January 1844 – 12 January 1909) was an Italian supporter of Giuseppe Garibaldi, an internationalist anarchist, and then a socialist politician.
Celso Ceretti was born in Mirandola, Emilia-Romagna, Italy on 23 January 1944, son of Luigi Ceretti and Maria Malagodi. His father had been imprisoned for the riots of 1831, and educated his children in democratic ideals. When he was fourteen he enlisted in Garibaldi's expedition to Sicily. He joined in 1859. In 1860-61 he served in Sicily and the mainland with the rank of sergeant. In 1862 he was in Aspromonte. In 1866 he became an officer of the 9th regiment, and in 1867 served in Agro Romano. He became one of Garibaldi's closest followers, and later served as a link between him and the labor movement.
In 1870 Cerretti joined Garibaldi's Army of the Vosges. In 1871 he participated in the defense of France and of the Paris Commune. That year he founded the Anti-Catholic Republican Society in Mirandola. Ceretti was one of the founders of the Italian Section of the International Workers' Association (IWA).
By 1871 Garibaldi was still respected by socialists elsewhere in Italy, but it was only in the Romagna that his leadership was seen as essential for a people's republic. At first Ceretti, Lodovico Nabruzzi and Paride Suzzara Verdi shared this view. Garibaldi planned to call a democratic congress, but canceled it due to the factional squabbles. With Mikhail Bakunin's support, Nabruzzi, Ceretti, Andrea Costa and others arranged a conference in Bologna on 17 March 1872 where most of the internationalist sections of Romagna were represented. The congress rejected Mazzini's view that the question of social reform could follow creation of a republic, and also voted against participating in elections, in effect moving towards Bakunin's position.
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