Caulonia
| Caulonia | ||
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| Comune | ||
| Comune di Caulonia | ||
Caulonia Superiore is built on a steep hill further inland while Caulonia Marina lies on the coast.
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 Caulonia
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| Coordinates: 38°23′N 16°25′E / 38.383°N 16.417°ECoordinates: 38°23′N 16°25′E / 38.383°N 16.417°E | ||
| Country | Italy | |
| Region | Calabria | |
| Province / Metropolitan city | Reggio Calabria (RC) | |
| Frazioni | Agromastelli, Campoli, Crochi, Cufò, Focà, San Nicola, Ursini, Ziia | |
| Government | ||
| • Mayor | Ninni Riccio | |
| Area | ||
| • Total | 100.7 km2 (38.9 sq mi) | |
| Population (December 2007) | ||
| • Total | 7,411 | |
| • Density | 74/km2 (190/sq mi) | |
| Demonym(s) | Cauloniesi | |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | |
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | |
| Postal code | 89041 | |
| Dialing code | 0964 | |
Caulonia (Greek: Καυλωνία Kaulonia) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 120 kilometres (75 mi) northeast of Reggio Calabria in the Stilaro Valley. Originally it was known as Castelvetere, but in 1862 the citizens decided to change the name of the town to that of the ancient city Caulonia. They believed that this city had been located on their territory, but it was eventually proved that ancient Caulonia was to be found near modern Monasterace, 16 kilometres (10 mi) to the northeast.
The origin of the town probably lies in Late Antiquity, when the settlement was known as Castrum Vetus.
The town was ruled by various lords during the Middle Ages. The Carafa family, from the Neapolitan nobility, was granted the town by King Ferdinand II of Aragon at the end of the fifteenth century. Fra' Gregorio Carafa was born here in 1615 and was the 62nd Prince and Grand Master of the Order of Malta from 1680 to 1690.
Caulonia was known as Castelvetere until 1862, when the town changed its name to Caulonia, following Calabria's integration with Italy during the Italian unification. The citizens did so to honor the ancient Greek city, which they thought was located in Castelvetere's territory. This belief proved to be mistaken, because almost three decades later the archaeologist Paolo Orsi proved conclusively that the ancient city was located at Punta Stilo, near Monasterace.
During the early 20th century, thousands of Cauloniesi migrated abroad. The first waves of migrants went to the United States. Changes in U.S. immigration law in the 1920s, in part to reduce the number of southern European immigrants, caused Cauloniesi migration to shift to other venues, especially Australia, Canada, and Argentina, in the latter waves of twentieth century migration.
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