Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein

Princess Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein (February 8, 1819 – March 9, 1887) was a Polish noblewoman who pursued a forty-year liaison/relationship with Franz Liszt. She was also an amateur journalist and essayist and it is conjectured that she did much of the actual writing of several of Liszt's publications, especially his Life of Chopin. She pursued an enormous correspondence with Liszt and many others which is of vital historical interest. She admired and encouraged Hector Berlioz, as is clear from their extensive correspondence. Berlioz dedicated Les Troyens to Princess Carolyne. She was portrayed by Capucine in the 1960 film Song Without End.

Karolina Elżbieta Iwanowska was born at Woronińce (today Voronivtsi (Воронівці), Ukraine), in one of her parents' many estates in eastern Poland, then a province of the Russian Empire. On April 26, 1836, just two months after her seventeenth birthday (and with pressure from her father), Carolyne married Prince Nikolaus zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg-Ludwigsburg (1812–1864), an officer in the Russian service who was also a member of an ancient noble house as the son of Peter Wittgenstein. They had an only daughter, (1837–1920), who later married Prince Konstantin zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (brother of Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Foreign Minister of the Kingdom of Bavaria until its unification with the German Empire).

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