Carlos Marighella
| Carlos Marighella | |
|---|---|
| Born |
5 December 1911 Salvador, Brazil |
| Died | 4 November 1969 (aged 57) São Paulo, Brazil |
| Organization |
Brazilian Communist Party Ação Libertadora Nacional |
Carlos Marighella (General Brazilian: [ˈkaʁlws mäɾiˈɡ͡ɟɛlə]; 5 December 1911 – 4 November 1969) was a Marxist Brazilian writer, politician, and guerilla who lived during the 20th century.
Marighella's most famous contribution to revolutionary literature was the Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla, consisting of advice on how to disrupt and overthrow an authoritarian regime, aiming at revolution. Written shortly before his death late 1969 in São Paulo, Minimanual was first published in North America by The Berkeley Tribe in California in July 1970 in an English edition. Marighella also wrote For the Liberation of Brazil. The theories laid out in both books have greatly influenced contemporary ideological activism. Unlike Che Guevara, who proposed guerrilla activity in the countryside, Marighela's theories on urban guerrilla warfare envisaged cities as the source of rebellion. As an advocate of urban guerrilla warfare as means to neutralize and defeat political institutions in order to effect radical social change, Marighella's work was the latest tome in the small library of revolutionary political literature in the 20th century. The Minimanual was highly admired among student revolutionaries in America, Europe and Ireland including the Weathermen, Irish Republican Army, Greek N17, Basque ETA separatists, the Red Army Faction, Red Brigades and Direct Action-France.
Marighella was born in Salvador, Bahia, to Italian immigrant Augusto Marighella and Afro-Brazilian Maria Rita do Nascimento. His father was a blue-collar worker originally from Emilia, while his mother was a descendant of African slaves, brought from Sudan (Hausa blacks). He spent his young life at a house in Rua do Desterro, at the Baixa do Sapateiro neighbourhood, where he would graduate from primary and secondary education. In 1934, he left the Polytechnic School of Bahia, where he was pursuing a degree in civil engineering, in order to become an active member of the Brazilian Communist Party (Partido Comunista Brasileiro - PCB). He then moved to Rio de Janeiro to work in the restructuring of PCB.
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