Carl Whiting Bishop
| Carl Whiting Bishop | |||||||||
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| Born | July 12, 1881 Tokyo, Japan |
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| Died | June 16, 1942 (aged 60) Arlington, Virginia |
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| Nationality | American | ||||||||
| Occupation | Archaeologist | ||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 畢安祺 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 毕安祺 | ||||||||
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Carl Whiting Bishop (July 12, 1881 – June 16, 1942) was an American archeologist who specialized in East Asian civilizations. From 1922 to 1942 he was a curator at the Freer Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.
At his death Bishop was praised for his ability to synthesize a wide range of evidence and present them "in ordered and highly engaging fashion", which was "the best sort of popularization of prehistory". He argued for the then popular theory of hyperdiffusionism, the theory that all civilizations originated in one place and spread to others, in this case, from the Near East to China. He was criticized, however, for going beyond the accepted evidence.
Bishop was born on July 12, 1881, in Tokyo, Japan, where his parents were Methodist missionaries. He attended the English School in Tokyo from 1888 to 1897. In 1898 he entered the Northwestern Academy, Evanston, Illinois, then attended DePauw University, in Greencastle, Indiana, from 1901 to 1904; Hampden-Sydney College in Hampden-Sydney, Virginia, 1905–06; and Business College in Poughkeepsie, New York, from 1906 to 1907. Bishop developed his interest in anthropology and archaeology during 1907–12 when he traveled in the southwestern United States and Central America and was silver assayer in Mexico during the Yaqui Wars there in 1905–06. He returned to DePauw University and received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1912 and in 1913 was awarded a Master of Arts degree by the Department of Anthropology at Columbia University.
On February 24, 1909, Bishop married Nettie E. Brooks (1893–1933) in Tarrytown, New York. The couple had six children. His second wife was Daisy Furscott Bishop (1887–1966).
Bishop began his professional career as a member of Harvard University's Peabody Museum Expedition to Central America in 1913. In 1914 he became Associate Curator of Oriental Art at the University of Pennsylvania Museum, and traveled to China for the first time from 1915 to 1917. He joined the United States Navy during World War I, serving in naval intelligence. From 1918 to 1920, Bishop was lieutenant, junior grade and served as assistant naval attaché in Shanghai.
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