Carl Byoir

Carl Robert Byoir (1886 — 3 February 1957) was an influential practitioner in the field of public relations. He created and organized one of the world's largest public relations firms in 1930.

Byoir was born to Jewish immigrant parents from Poland but raised in Des Moines, Iowa. Byoir started his career in public relations at 14 as a reporter for The Des Moines Register. At the age of 17, Byoir became the editor of the Waterloo Times-Tribune. He worked his way through the University of Iowa while he was the circulation manager for Hearst Magazine’s publications.

In 1917, Byoir became a member of the Committee on Public Information, which publicly organized the United States propaganda campaign for World War I. While a part of the CPI he practiced many techniques to influence public opinion including creating a campaign that was directed towards draft-eligible non-English speaking Americans. The result of that campaign was adding over 70,000 men to U.S. troops.

In 1921, Byoir began working in advertising and sales, when E. Virgil Neal, at Nuxated Iron, hired Byoir as a salesman. At first, Byoir worked for Nuxated Iron without pay; however, within weeks, Byoir was hired as the vice-president and the general manager of the company because sales increased so significantly. He worked for Neal from 1921 to 1929.

In 1930, Byoir leased two Cuban newspapers, the Havana Post and the Havana Telegram. Byoir wanted to increase the circulation of the newspaper in Cuba by increasing the number of American tourists to Cuba. He became an influential intermediary for Americans wishing to invest in Cuba.

Byoir continued to lead a few other public relation campaigns but his next notable campaign was with the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration planning many charity balls for the President and helping establishing the March of Dimes foundation. Byoir's office was at 10 East 40th Street in New York, and from there he pursued his work in public relations, working with many other companies including the German Tourist Information Office, Freeport Sulphur Company, Crosley Motors, and Eastern Railroads. One of his most noteworthy campaigns was conducted on behalf of The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company (A&P), a grocery company that was the world's largest retailer by far. In 1937, A&P, which had never been engaged in political matters, hired Byoir to help it fight the powerful anti-chain-store movement, which sought to break up big chains in order to protect independent retailers and wholesalers. Working behind the scenes, Byoir organized a campaign to highlight the benefits of chains in reducing consumer prices. The campaign burst into public view on September 15, 1938, when 1,600 publications ran a full-page advertisement headlined "A Statement of Public Policy by the Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company." The advertisement criticized a bill introduced by U.S. Rep. Wright Patman of Texas to impose punitive taxes on chain stores. The bill was blocked, and the power of the anti-chain movement began to wane. Byoir remained an influential advisor to A&P for many years.

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