Campaign at the China–Burma Border

Campaign at China-Burma Border
Part of the Chinese Civil War
Date 14 November 1960 (1960-11-14) – 9 February 1961 (1961-02-09) Location China-Burma border; Shan State Result Communist victory
Belligerents
Republic of China	People's Republic of China Union of Burma
Commanders and leaders
Li Mi Liu Yuanlin Wu Yunnuan Zhang Weicheng	Li Xifu Ding Rongchang Cui Jiangong Win Maung
Units involved
National Revolutionary Army	People's Liberation Army Burma Army
Strength
10,000	6,700
Casualties and losses
741 casualties	258 combat related casualties 800+ non-combat casualties

The Campaign at the China–Burma border (simplified Chinese: 中缅边境作战; traditional Chinese: 中緬邊境作戰) was a series of battles fought between the Chinese nationalists and the communists at or around the China-Burma border, after the Chinese Civil War in the post World War II era. It is known officially in China as the Burmese border Surveying and Security Operation (Chinese: 中缅边境勘界警卫作战).

After the communist revolution in China, some surviving nationalist forces withdrew to Burma and continued to fight. Under international pressure, the Nationalist government in Taiwan withdrew the surviving force in the China-Burma border totaling over 6,500 in May 1954. However, many ardent nationalists refused to retreat to Taiwan and decided to stay in Burma and carry on the anticommunist struggle. To better lead these troops, the Nationalist government sent the original deputy commander-in-chief, Liu Yuanlin (柳元麟) back to Burma to form Yunnan People’s Anticommunist Volunteer Army in June 1954. By the early 1960s, the nationalist force in northern Burma had reached its peak, totaling near ten thousand troops. Because there were much higher proportion of officers among the nationalist force in the China-Burma border, the structure of nationalist forces in northern Burma was different than ordinary military structure: Yunnan People’s Anticommunist Volunteer Army was organized into five armies, each consisting of two to three divisions, and each of these divisions, in turn, was directly consisted of two to three regiments, while the brigades level structure was eliminated. The size of each regiment of Yunnan People’s Anticommunist Volunteer Army various greatly in size, from two dozen troops to over a thousand troops. The nationalist force controlled an area that was 300 km long along the China-Burma border, and 100 km deep. The nationalist area of control was typical mountainous jungle regions, with raining season lasting six months, and the area was covered by fog for most of the time. It was extremely difficult to navigate in the region where there were few roads and trails, and the natural environment was extremely harsh.

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