Calcium gluconate

Calcium gluconate
Clinical data


Pronunciation	KAL see um GLUE koe nate
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
Pregnancy category	US: A, C
Routes of administration	by mouth, IV, topical
ATC code	A12AA03 (WHO) D11AX03 (WHO)
Identifiers
IUPAC name calcium (2R,3S,4R,5R)- 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate
CAS Number	299-28-5
PubChem (CID)	9290
ChemSpider	8932
UNII	SQE6VB453K
E number	E578 (acidity regulators, ...)
ECHA InfoCard	100.005.524
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₂H₂₂CaO₁₄
Molar mass	430.373
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
Melting point	120 °C (248 °F) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	slowly soluble mg/mL (20 °C)
SMILES [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO
InChI InChI=1S/2C6H12O7.Ca/c27-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13;/h22-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13);/q;;+2/p-2/t2*2-,3-,4+,5-;/m11./s1 ^Y Key:NEEHYRZPVYRGPP-IYEMJOQQSA-L

Calcium gluconate is a mineral supplement and medication. As a medication it is used by injection into a vein to treat low blood calcium, high blood potassium, and magnesium toxicity. Supplementation is generally only required when there is not enough calcium in the diet. Supplementation may be done to treat or prevent osteoporosis or rickets. It can also be taken by mouth but is not recommended by injection into a muscle.

Side effects when injected include slow heart rate, pain at the site of injection, and low blood pressure. When taken by mouth side effects may include constipation and nausea. Blood calcium levels should be measured when used and extra care should be taken in those with a history of kidney stones. At normal doses use is regarded as safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Calcium gluconate is manufactured by mixing gluconic acid with calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide.

Calcium gluconate came into medical use in the 1920s. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. Calcium gluconate is avaliable as a generic medication. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 0.21 to 1.34 USD per one gram vial, 10 ml of 100 mg/ml (10% solution). In the United Kingdom this amount costs the NHS about 0.65 pounds.

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Wikipedia