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Butanes

Butane
Skeletal formula of butane with all implicit hydrogens shown
Skeletal formula of butane with all carbon and hydrogen atoms shown
Ball-and-stick model of the butane molecule
Space-filling model of the butane molecule
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Butane
Systematic IUPAC name
Tetracarbane (never recommended)
Other names
Butyl hydride
Methylethylmethane
Quartane
Identifiers
106-97-8 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
969129
ChEBI CHEBI:37808 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL134702 YesY
ChemSpider 7555 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.136
EC Number 203-448-7
E number E943a (glazing agents, ...)
1148
KEGG D03186 YesY
MeSH butane
PubChem 7843
RTECS number EJ4200000
UNII 6LV4FOR43R YesY
UN number 1011
Properties
C4H10
Molar mass 58.12 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless gas
Odor Gasoline-like or natural gas-like
Density 2.48 kg/m3 (at 15 °C (59 °F))
Melting point −140 to −134 °C; −220 to −209 °F; 133 to 139 K
Boiling point −1 to 1 °C; 30 to 34 °F; 272 to 274 K
61 mg L−1 (at 20 °C (68 °F))
log P 2.745
Vapor pressure ~170 kPa at 283 K
11 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
-57.4·10−6 cm3/mol
Thermochemistry
98.49 J K−1 mol−1
−126.3–−124.9 kJ mol−1
−2.8781–−2.8769 MJ mol−1
Hazards
Safety data sheet See: data page
GHS pictograms The flame pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
GHS signal word DANGER
H220
P210
Extremely Flammable F+
R-phrases R12
S-phrases (S2) S16
NFPA 704
Flammability code 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g., propane Health code 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g., turpentine Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point −60 °C (−76 °F; 213 K)
288 °C (550 °F; 561 K)
Explosive limits 1.8–8.4%
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)
 none
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 800 ppm (1900 mg/m3)
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 N.D.
Related compounds
Related alkanes
Related compounds
 Perfluorobutane
Supplementary data page
Refractive index (n),
Dielectric constant (εr), etc.
Thermodynamic
data
 Phase behaviour
solid–liquid–gas
UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
YesY  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Butane (/ˈbjuːteɪn/) is an organic compound with the formula C4H10 that is an alkane with four carbon atoms. Butane is a gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The term may refer to either of two structural isomers, n-butane or isobutane (also called "methylpropane"), or to a mixture of these isomers. In the IUPAC nomenclature, however, "butane" refers only to the n-butane isomer (which is the isomer with the unbranched structure). Butanes are highly flammable, colorless, easily liquefied gases. The name butane comes from the roots but- (from butyric acid, named after the Greek word for butter) and -ane.

Rotation about the central C−C bond produces two different conformations (trans and gauche) for n-butane.

When oxygen is plentiful, butane burns to form carbon dioxide and water vapor; when oxygen is limited, carbon (soot) or carbon monoxide may also be formed.

When there is sufficient oxygen:

When oxygen is limited:

The maximum adiabatic flame temperature of butane with air is 2,243 K (1,970 °C; 3,578 °F).


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