Butane gas
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| Names | |||
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Preferred IUPAC name
Butane
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Systematic IUPAC name
Tetracarbane (never recommended)
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| Other names
Butyl hydride
Methylethylmethane Quartane |
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| Identifiers | |||
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3D model (JSmol)
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| 969129 | |||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.136 | ||
| EC Number | 203-448-7 | ||
| E number | E943a (glazing agents, ...) | ||
| 1148 | |||
| KEGG | |||
| MeSH | butane | ||
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PubChem CID
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| RTECS number | EJ4200000 | ||
| UNII | |||
| UN number | 1011 | ||
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| Properties | |||
| C4H10 | |||
| Molar mass | 58.12 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colorless gas | ||
| Odor | Gasoline-like or natural gas-like | ||
| Density | 2.48 kg/m3 (at 15 °C (59 °F)) | ||
| Melting point | −140 to −134 °C; −220 to −209 °F; 133 to 139 K | ||
| Boiling point | −1 to 1 °C; 30 to 34 °F; 272 to 274 K | ||
| 61 mg L−1 (at 20 °C (68 °F)) | |||
| log P | 2.745 | ||
| Vapor pressure | ~170 kPa at 283 K | ||
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Henry's law
constant (kH) |
11 nmol Pa−1 kg−1 | ||
| -57.4·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
| 98.49 J K−1 mol−1 | |||
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Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
−126.3–−124.9 kJ mol−1 | ||
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Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH |
−2.8781–−2.8769 MJ mol−1 | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Safety data sheet | See: data page | ||
| GHS pictograms |  |
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| GHS signal word | DANGER | ||
| H220 | |||
| P210 | |||
| NFPA 704 | |||
| Flash point | −60 °C (−76 °F; 213 K) | ||
| 405 °C (761 °F; 678 K) | |||
| Explosive limits | 1.8–8.4% | ||
| US health exposure limits (NIOSH): | |||
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PEL (Permissible)
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none | ||
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REL (Recommended)
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TWA 800 ppm (1900 mg/m3) | ||
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IDLH (Immediate danger)
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N.D. | ||
| Related compounds | |||
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Related alkanes
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Related compounds
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Perfluorobutane | ||
| Supplementary data page | |||
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Refractive index (n), Dielectric constant (εr), etc. |
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Thermodynamic
data |
Phase behaviour solid–liquid–gas |
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| UV, IR, NMR, MS | |||
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is   ?) |
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| Infobox references | |||
Butane (/ˈbjuːteɪn/) is an organic compound with the formula C4H10 that is an alkane with four carbon atoms. Butane is a gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The term may refer to either of two structural isomers, n-butane or isobutane (also called "methylpropane"), or to a mixture of these isomers. In the IUPAC nomenclature, however, "butane" refers only to the n-butane isomer (which is the isomer with the unbranched structure). Butanes are highly flammable, colorless, easily liquefied gases that quickly vaporize at room temperature. The name butane comes from the roots but- (from butyric acid, named after the Greek word for butter) and -ane. It was discovered by the chemist Edward Frankland in 1849.
Rotation about the central C−C bond produces two different conformations (trans and gauche) for n-butane.
When oxygen is plentiful, butane burns to form carbon dioxide and water vapor; when oxygen is limited, carbon (soot) or carbon monoxide may also be formed.
When there is sufficient oxygen:
When oxygen is limited:
The maximum adiabatic flame temperature of butane with air is 2,243 K (1,970 °C; 3,578 °F).
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