Brunswick-Göttingen
| Principality of Göttingen | ||||||||||
| Fürstentum Göttingen | ||||||||||
| State of the Holy Roman Empire | ||||||||||
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 Coat of arms
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 Principality of Brunswick-Göttingen (yellow), c. 1400
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| Capital | Göttingen | |||||||||
| Government | Principality | |||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | |||||||||
| • | Albert the Fat first Prince of Göttingen | 1286 | ||||||||
| • | acquired Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel | 1292 | ||||||||
| • | again separated from Wolfenbüttel | 1344 | ||||||||
| • | Line extinct, annexed by Calenberg | 1463 | ||||||||
| • | Merged into Calenberg | 1495 | ||||||||
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The Principality of Göttingen (German: Fürstentum Göttingen) was a subdivision of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg in the Holy Roman Empire, with Göttingen as its capital. It was split off from the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel in 1286 in the course of an estate division among members of the ruling House of Welf. In 1495 the Göttingen lands were incorporated as integral part of the newly established Brunswick Principality of Calenberg, with which they stayed united until the territory was merged into the Electorate of Hanover.
The principality covered the southern part of the Welf domains in the former Duchy of Saxony after the deposition of Duke Henry the Lion in 1180 (roughly corresponding to present-day South Lower Saxony). When in 1235 Emperor Frederick II had the Welf allodial lands restored as the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, the ducal estates also comprised the lands on the Weser river, from Lauenförde up to Münden and the border with the Franconian lands of Hesse; as well as the Leine banks from Göttingen up to Northeim and Einbeck. The territory was separated from the northern Welf principalities of Lüneburg and Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel by the estates of the Hildesheim prince-bishops.
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