Bromoform

Bromoform

Names
Preferred IUPAC name Tribromomethane
Other names Bromoform Methenyl tribromide Methyl tribromide Tribromomethane
Identifiers
CAS Number	75-25-2 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
Abbreviations	R-20B3 UN 2515
Beilstein Reference	1731048
ChEBI	CHEBI:38682 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL345248 Y
ChemSpider	13838404 Y
DrugBank	DB03054 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.777
EC Number	200-854-6
Gmelin Reference	49500
KEGG	C14707 Y
MeSH	bromoform
PubChem	5558
RTECS number	PB5600000
UNII	TUT9J99IMU Y
UN number	2515
InChI InChI=1S/CHBr3/c2-1(3)4/h1H Y Key: DIKBFYAXUHHXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
SMILES BrC(Br)Br
Properties
Chemical formula	CHBr3
Molar mass	252.73 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Density	2.89 g mL−1
Melting point	−4 to 16 °C; 25 to 61 °F; 269 to 289 K
Boiling point	147 to 151 °C; 296 to 304 °F; 420 to 424 K
Solubility in water	3.2 g L−1 (at 30 °C)
log P	2.435
Vapor pressure	670 Pa (at 20.0 °C)
Henry's law constant (kH)	17 μmol Pa−1 kg−1
Acidity (pKa)	13.7
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-82.60·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.595
Thermochemistry
Specific heat capacity (C)	130.5 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfHo298)	6.1–12.7 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcHo298)	−549.1–−542.5 kJ mol−1
Hazards
Safety data sheet	See: data page
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word	DANGER
GHS hazard statements	H302, H315, H319, H331, H411
GHS precautionary statements	P261, P273, P305+351+338, P311
EU classification (DSD)	T N
R-phrases	R22, R23, R36/38, R51/53
S-phrases	(S1/2), S45, S63
NFPA 704	0 3 0
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	933.0 mg kg−1(oral, rat)
LDLo (lowest published)	1400 mg/kg (mouse, oral) 1147 mg/kg (rat, oral)
LC50 (median concentration)	1151 ppm (mammal)
LCLo (lowest published)	4282 ppm (rat, 4 hr) 7000 ppm (dog, 1 hr)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 0.5 ppm (5 mg/m3) [skin]
REL (Recommended)	TWA 0.5 ppm (5 mg/m3) [skin]
IDLH (Immediate danger)	850 ppm
Related compounds
Related alkanes	Dibromomethane Tetrabromomethane 1,1-Dibromoethane 1,2-Dibromoethane Tetrabromoethane
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	Refractive index (n), Dielectric constant (εr), etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour solid–liquid–gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Y  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Bromoform (CHBr₃) is a brominated organic solvent, colorless liquid at room temperature, with a high refractive index, very high density, and sweet odor is similar to that of chloroform. It is a trihalomethane, and is one of the four haloforms, the others being fluoroform, chloroform, and iodoform. Bromoform can be prepared by the haloform reaction using acetone and sodium hypobromite, by the electrolysis of potassium bromide in ethanol, or by treating chloroform with aluminum bromide. Currently its main use is as a laboratory reagent.

The molecule adopts tetrahedral molecular geometry with C_3vsymmetry.

Only small quantities of bromoform are currently produced industrially in the United States. In the past, it was used as a solvent, sedative and flame retardant, but now it is mainly used as a laboratory reagent, for example as an extraction solvent.

Bromoform's high density makes it useful for separation of minerals by density. When two samples are mixed with bromoform and then allowed to settle, the top layer will contain minerals lighter than bromoform, and the bottom layer will contain heavier minerals. Slightly less dense minerals can be separated in the same way by mixing the bromoform with a small amount of a less dense and fully miscible solvent.