Bromocriptine

Bromocriptine

Clinical data
Trade names	Parlodel, Brotin
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph,International Drug Names
MedlinePlus	a682079
Pregnancy category	AU: A US: B (No risk in non-human studies)
Routes of administration	oral, intravenous
ATC code	G02CB01 (WHO) N04BC01 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only) CA: ℞-only UK: POM (Prescription only) US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	28% of oral dose absorbed
Metabolism	Extensively liver-mediated
Biological half-life	12-14 hours
Excretion	85% bile (faeces), 2.5-5.5% urine
Identifiers
IUPAC name (5′α)-2-Bromo-12′-hydroxy-5′-(2-methylpropyl)-3′,6′,18-trioxo-2′-(propan-2-yl)ergotaman
Synonyms	2-Bromoergocriptine
CAS Number	25614-03-3 Y
PubChem (CID)	31101
IUPHAR/BPS	35
DrugBank	DB01200 Y
ChemSpider	28858 Y
UNII	3A64E3G5ZO Y
KEGG	D03165 Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:3181 Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL493 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.042.829
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C32H40BrN5O5
Molar mass	654.595 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES BrC1=C(C[C@H]2N(C)C3)C4=C(C=CC=C4C2=C[C@H]3C(N[C@]5(C(C)C)O[C@@]6(N([C@@H](CC(C)C)C(N7CCC[C@H]76)=O)C5=O)O)=O)N1
InChI InChI=1S/C32H40BrN5O5/c1-16(2)12-24-29(40)37-11-7-10-25(37)32(42)38(24)30(41)31(43-32,17(3)4)35-28(39)18-13-20-19-8-6-9-22-26(19)21(27(33)34-22)14-23(20)36(5)15-18/h6,8-9,13,16-18,23-25,34,42H,7,10-12,14-15H2,1-5H3,(H,35,39)/t18-,23-,24+,25+,31-,32+/m1/s1 Y Key:OZVBMTJYIDMWIL-AYFBDAFISA-N Y

Bromocriptine (INN; trade names Parlodel, Cycloset, Brotin (Pakistan)), an ergoline derivative, is a dopamine agonist that is used in the treatment of pituitary tumors, Parkinson's disease (PD), hyperprolactinaemia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and type 2 diabetes.

Amenorrhea, female infertility, galactorrhea, hypogonadism, and acromegaly may all be caused by pituitary problems, such as hyperprolactinaemia, and therefore, these problems may be treated with this drug. Bromocriptine has completely treated gestational macromastia eliminating the need for reduction surgery, in a recent case. It has also been used in treating nonpuerperal mastitis. Since the late 1980s it has been used, off-label, to reduce the symptoms of cocaine withdrawal. In 2009, bromocriptine mesylate was approved by the FDA for treatment of type 2 diabetes under the trade name Cycloset (VeroScience). It is currently unknown how this drug improves glycemic control, but it has been shown to reduce HbA1c by ~0.5 percentage points.

Bromocriptine is a potent agonist at dopamine D2 receptors and various serotonin receptors. It also inhibits the release of glutamate, by reversing the glutamate GLT1 transporter.