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Bromochloromethane

Bromochloromethane
Stereo, skeletal formula of bromochloromethane with all explicit hydrogens added
Spacefill model of bromochloromethane
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Bromo(chloro)methane
Other names
  • Bromochloromethane
  • Borothene
  • Chloromethyl bromide
  • Halon 1011
  • Methylene bromochloride
  • Methyl chlorobromide
  • Monochloromonobromomethane
  • Chlorobromomethane
  • Fluorocarbon 1011
Identifiers
3D model (Jmol)
3DMet B00481
Abbreviations
  • BCM
  • CBM
  • UN 1887
1730801
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.752
EC Number 200-826-3
25577
KEGG
MeSH bromochloromethane
PubChem CID
RTECS number PA5250000
UN number 1887
Properties
CH2BrCl
Molar mass 129.38 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor chloroform-like
Density 1.991 g mL−1
Melting point −88.0 °C; −126.3 °F; 185.2 K
Boiling point 68 °C; 154 °F; 341 K
16.7 g L−1
log P 1.55
Vapor pressure 15.60 kPa (at 20.0 °C)
-86.88·10−6 cm3/mol
1.482
Hazards
GHS pictograms The corrosion pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The exclamation-mark pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
GHS signal word DANGER
H315, H318, H332, H335
P261, P280, P305+351+338
Irritant Xi Dangerous for the Environment (Nature) N
R-phrases R37/38, R41, R59
S-phrases S26, S39
Flash point noncombustible
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
  • 5 g mol−1(oral, rat)
  • 20 g kg−1 (dermal, rabbit)
  • 4300 mg kg−1 (oral, mouse)
3000 ppm (mouse, 7 hr)
28,800 ppm (rat, 15 min)
29,000 ppm (rat, 15 min)
27,000 ppm (mouse, 15 min)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 200 ppm (1050 mg/m3)
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 200 ppm (1050 mg/m3)
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 2000 ppm
Related compounds
Related alkanes
Related compounds
 2-Chloroethanol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
YesY  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Bromochloromethane or methylene bromochloride and Halon 1011 is a mixed halomethane. It is a heavy low-viscosity liquid with refractive index 1.4808.

It was invented for use in fire extinguishers by the Germans during the mid-1940s, in an attempt to create a less-toxic, more effective alternative to carbon tetrachloride. This was a concern in aircraft and tanks as carbon tetrachloride produced highly toxic by-products when discharged onto a fire. CBM was slightly less toxic, and used up until the late 1960s, being officially banned by the NFPA for use in fire extinguishers in 1969, as safer and more effective agents such as halon 1211 and 1301 were developed. Due to its ozone depletion potential its production was banned from January 1, 2002, at the Eleventh Meeting of the Parties for the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.

It can be biologically decomposed using the hydrolase enzyme alkylhalidase by the reaction:

In the Enter the Matrix video game, the player can find a "Chloro-Bromo Methane Gun", which is used as a fire extinguisher. It fires a pressurized cartridge of CBM gas to put out fires. However, due to its chemical properties, firing a cartridge near people causes their lungs to fill with liquid, effectively drowning them.


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Wikipedia

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