Braille code
Braille     
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|---|---|
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| Type | |
| Languages | Several |
| Creator | Louis Braille |
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Time period
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1824 to the present |
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Parent systems
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Night writing
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Child systems
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French Braille English Braille Bharati Braille Chinese Braille Japanese Braille Korean Braille etc. |
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Sister systems
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New York Point |
| Direction | Left-to-right |
| ISO 15924 | Brai, 570 |
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Unicode alias
|
Braille |
| U+2800–U+28FF | |
Braille /ˈbreɪl/ (French pronunciation: [bʁaj]) is a tactile writing system used by people who are blind or visually impaired. It is traditionally written with embossed paper. Braille users can read computer screens and other electronic supports thanks to refreshable braille displays. They can write braille with the original slate and stylus or type it on a braille writer, such as a portable braille notetaker or computer that prints with a braille embosser.
Braille is named after its creator, Louis Braille, a Frenchman who lost his sight as a result of a childhood accident. In 1824, at age 15, he developed a code for the French alphabet as an improvement on night writing. He published his system, which subsequently included musical notation, in 1829. The second revision, published in 1837, was the first binary form of writing developed in the modern era.
Braille characters are rectangular blocks called cells containing tiny bumps called raised dots. The number and arrangement of these dots distinguish one character from another. Since the various braille alphabets originated as transcription codes for printed writing, the mappings (sets of character designations) vary from language to language. Furthermore, in English Braille there are three levels of encoding: Grade 1 – a letter-by-letter transcription used for basic literacy; Grade 2 – an addition of abbreviations and contractions; and Grade 3 – various non-standardized personal shorthands.
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Wikipedia