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Blue vitriol

Copper(II) sulfate
CuSO45aq.jpg
Structure of pentahydrate
Copper sulfate.jpg
Crystals of CuSO4·5H2O
Names
IUPAC name
Copper(II) sulfate
Other names
Cupric sulfate
Blue vitriol (pentahydrate)
Bluestone (pentahydrate)
Bonattite (trihydrate mineral)
Boothite (heptahydrate mineral)
Chalcanthite (pentahydrate mineral)
Chalcocyanite (mineral)
Identifiers
7758-98-7 YesY
7758-99-8 (pentahydrate) N
16448-28-5 (trihydrate) N
19086-18-1 (heptahydrate) N
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ChEBI CHEBI:23414 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL604 YesY
ChemSpider 22870 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.952
EC Number 231-847-6
E number E519 (acidity regulators, ...)
KEGG C18713 YesY
PubChem 24462
RTECS number GL8800000 (anhydrous)
GL8900000 (pentahydrate)
UNII KUW2Q3U1VV YesY
Properties
CuSO4 (anhydrous)
CuSO4·5H2O (pentahydrate)
Molar mass 159.609 g/mol (anhydrous)
249.685 g/mol (pentahydrate)
Appearance gray-white (anhydrous)
blue (pentahydrate)
Density 3.60 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
2.286 g/cm3 (pentahydrate)
Melting point 110 °C (230 °F; 383 K) decomposes (·5H2O)
<560 °C decomposes
1.055 molal (10 °C)
1.26 molal (20 °C)
1.502 molal (30 °C)
Solubility anhydrous
insoluble in ethanol
pentahydrate
soluble in methanol
10.4 g/L (18 °C)
insoluble in ethanol
+1330·10−6 cm3/mol
1.724–1.739 (anhydrous)
1.514–1.544 (pentahydrate)
Structure
Orthorhombic (anhydrous, chalcocyanite), space group Pnma, oP24, a = 0.839 nm, b = 0.669 nm, c = 0.483 nm.
Triclinic (pentahydrate), space group P1, aP22, a = 0.5986 nm, b = 0.6141 nm, c = 1.0736 nm, α = 77.333°, β = 82.267°, γ = 72.567°
Thermochemistry
5 J K−1 mol−1
−769.98 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
V03AB20 (WHO)
Hazards
Safety data sheet anhydrous
pentahydrate
GHS pictograms The environment pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
Harmful (Xn)
Irritant (Xi)
Dangerous for the environment (N)
R-phrases R22, R36/38, R50/53
S-phrases (S2), S22, S60, S61
NFPA 704
Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g., water Health code 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g., chloroform Reactivity code 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g., calcium Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
300 mg/kg (oral, rat)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)
REL (Recommended)
TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)
IDLH (Immediate danger)
TWA 100 mg/m3 (as Cu)
Related compounds
Other cations
Iron(II) sulfate
Manganese(II) sulfate
Nickel(II) sulfate
Zinc sulfate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Copper(II) sulfate, also known as cupric sulfate, or copper sulphate, is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuSO4(H2O)x, where x can range from 0 to 5. The pentahydrate (x = 5) is the most common form. Older names for this compound include blue vitriol, bluestone,vitriol of copper, and Roman vitriol.

The pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O), the most commonly encountered salt, is bright blue. It exothermically dissolves in water to give the aquo complex [Cu(H2O)6]2+, which has octahedral molecular geometry. The structure of the solid pentahydrate reveals a polymeric structure wherein copper is again octahedral but bound to four water ligands. The Cu(II)(H2O)4 centers are interconnected by sulfate anions to form chains.Anhydrous copper sulfate is a white powder.

Copper sulfate is produced industrially by treating copper metal with hot concentrated sulfuric acid or its oxides with dilute sulfuric acid. For laboratory use, copper sulfate is usually purchased. Copper sulfate can also be produced by slowly leaching low grade copper ore in air; bacteria may be used to hasten the process.

Commercial copper sulfate is usually about 98% pure copper sulfate, and may contain traces of water. Anhydrous Copper sulfate is 39.81 percent copper and 60.19 percent sulfate by mass, and in its blue, hydrous form, it is 25.47% copper, 38.47% sulfate (12.82% sulfur) and 36.06% water by mass. Four types of crystal size are provided based on its usage: large crystals (10–40 mm), small crystals (2–10 mm), snow crystals (less than 2 mm), and windswept powder (less than 0.15 mm).

Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate decomposes before melting. It loses two water molecules upon heating at 63 °C (145 °F), followed by two more at 109 °C (228 °F) and the final water molecule at 200 °C (392 °F). Dehydration proceeds by decomposition of the tetraaquacopper(2+) moiety, two opposing aqua groups are lost to give a diaquacopper(2+) moiety. The second dehydration step occurs with the final two aqua groups are lost. Complete dehydration occurs when the only unbound water molecule is lost. At 650 °C (1,202 °F), copper(II) sulfate decomposes into copper(II) oxide (CuO) and sulfur trioxide (SO3).


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Wikipedia

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