Bion 9
| Mission type | Bioscience |
|---|---|
| Operator | Institute of Biomedical Problems / NASA / ESA |
| COSPAR ID | 1989-075A |
| SATCAT no. | 20242 |
| Mission duration | 14 days |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft type | Bion |
| Manufacturer | TsSKB Progress |
| Launch mass | 6,000 kilograms (13,000 lb) |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 15 September 1989, 06:30:00 UTC |
| Rocket | Soyuz-U |
| Launch site | Plesetsk 41/1 |
| End of mission | |
| Recovered by | TK (HF 239.500 MHz) |
| Landing date | 29 September 1989, 02:53 UTC |
| Landing site | Mirny, Soviet Russia, USSR |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric |
| Regime | LEO |
| Eccentricity | 0.0028181 |
| Perigee | 183 kilometres (114 mi) |
| Apogee | 220 kilometres (140 mi) |
| Inclination | 82.3202º |
| Period | 89.3 minutes |
| RAAN | 102.1072 degress |
| Mean anomaly | 300.1368 degress |
| Mean motion | 16.26505095 |
| Epoch | 28 September 1989, 22:03:30 UTC |
| Revolution no. | 221 |
Bion 9, or Cosmos 2044 (in Russian: Бион 9, Космос 2044) was a biomedical research mission involving nine countries (Soviet Union, Canada, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom and United States) and European Space Agency. It was part of the Bion program.
Eighty experiments were conducted in such categories as motion sickness, reproduction and regeneration, immunology, and readaption to a normal gravity environment. A number of different biological specimens were used, including rodents.
The joint U.S./Soviet Union experiments were conducted on 2 rhesus monkeys and 10 male Wistar rats. The biological payload also included cell cultures (Escherichia coli). The prime occupants were two macaque monkeys. The 2.3m diameter descent sphere was successfully recovered after 14 days, but a failure in the thermal control system resulted in the deaths of some of the specimens.
The Bion 9 mission was composed of 30 scientific experiments:
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