Bijeljina
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Bijeljina Бијељина |
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|---|---|
| City | |
Bijeljina
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 Location of Bijeljina within Bosnia and Herzegovina |
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| Coordinates: 44°45′N 19°13′E / 44.750°N 19.217°E | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Republika Srpska |
| Region | Semberija |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Mićo Mićić (SDS) [2] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 733.85 km2 (283.34 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 90 m (300 ft) |
| • Density | 156.3/km2 (405/sq mi) |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) |
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) |
| ZIP Code | 76300 |
| Area code(s) | 55 |
| Website | Official website |
Bijeljina (Cyrillic: Бијељина; pronounced [bijêːʎina]) is a city and municipality in northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. The city is the second largest in the Republika Srpska entity after Banja Luka and the fifth largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina (after Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Tuzla, and Zenica), and is situated on the plains of Semberija. Bijeljina is the unofficial centre of the eastern part of Republika Srpska, with 114,663 inhabitants. Bijeljina is located at 6 km (4 mi) from the border with Serbia and 40 km (25 mi) from the border with Croatia.
The earliest confirmed traces of human life in the area of today's Bijeljina date from the New Stone Age (5000-3000 BC). Most of the traces from prehistoric periods were found in the villages Ostojićevo, Batković, Glavičice, Dvorovi, Kojčinovac, Patkovača and Triješnica. Characteristics of pottery, tools and weapons emphatically confirm cultural connections of indigenous inhabitants of Semberija with the eneolithic and Bronze Age cultures - Vučedol, Kostolac and Baden culture.
The oldest archeological site of this period is located on both sides of channel Bistrik, between the villages Batković and Ostojićevo and it consists of four smaller sites which date from the period of the 7th to the 12th century. At Jazbina and Oraščić remains were found of a settlement with half-buried huts, but the most significant discovery was a complex of metallurgical workshop at the site Čelopek where iron was melted in the 8th century and where iron tools were manufactured. At this time the village Bistrik was called Bistrica and it was the center of the parish, which covered the entire territory of present-day city of Bijeljina. Although the name Bijeljina was first mentioned in 1446, this name was in use only after 1918. During Austro-Hungarian period, the town had the name Bjelina and, before that, Belina or Bilina.
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