Battle of Suipacha

Battle of Suipacha
Part of Bolivian War of Independence Argentine War of Independence
Detail of a lithography of the battle
Date November 7, 1810 Location Bolivia 21°33′56.17″S 65°36′32″W / 21.5656028°S 65.60889°W / -21.5656028; -65.60889Coordinates: 21°33′56.17″S 65°36′32″W / 21.5656028°S 65.60889°W / -21.5656028; -65.60889 Result Decisive United Provinces victory
Belligerents
United Provinces of South America Republiquetas	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru
Commanders and leaders
Antonio González Balcarce Juan José Castelli	José de Córdoba y Rojas Vicente Nieto
Strength
600 10 field guns	800 4 field guns
Location within Bolivia

The Battle of Suipacha was fought on 7 November 1810 in Bolivia during the Bolivian War of Independence between the Spanish colonial army and the Republican forces sent by the Primera Junta from Buenos Aires. At the time Bolivia was known as Upper Peru (Alto Perú). It was the first decisive defeat of the Royalists by Republican forces. The battle took place 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Tupiza, near the small town of Suipacha, on the margin of the Suipacha river in the Sud Chichas province (Potosí Department. in today Bolivia).

An earlier rebellion in Upper Peru during 1809 had been crushed by Royalist forces under the command of Generals Vicente Nieto and José de Córdoba y Rojas, leaving the region firmly under Spanish control. After the 1810 May Revolution, the Republicans sent an expeditionary army, led by Antonio González Balcarce, to Upper Peru with the mission of conducting a reconnaissance of the region. Departing from Buenos Aires, its ranks swelled en route as volunteers joined the march. Among these was a group of gauchos led by Martín Miguel de Güemes, who would go on to play a key role in the southern revolution. By the time the expedition reached Upper Peru, it was 600 men strong with 10 field pieces.

After an earlier action at Cotagaita on 27 October in which they were repulsed, Republican forces withdrew and occupied a position on the southern bank of the Suipacha River, around the small town of Nazareno. Having received reinforcements, the Royalists attacked this position with 800 men and 2 field guns, but were beaten when the Republicans counter-attacked their left flank. Subsequently the Republicans were able to attack the Royalists camp and force a general withdrawal. The battle had last only 30 minutes. The victory was also followed by a general uprising in Upper Peru, which led to the capture and execution of the Spanish Governor Francisco de Paula Sanz at Potosi. Royalist generals Nieto and Córdoba were also shot by a firing squad. The Republican army then continued to advance north to the Desaguadero River.